CYPERACEAE. 193 



Spikes large, 2-15 cm. long, cylindric or oblong-cylindric; stigmas 3. 



Scales acute, acuminate or smooth-awned, or the lower slightly roughened. 

 Perigynia ascending or spreading, not reflexed. 



Spikes narrowly cylindric, 2-15 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick. 



Leaves 4-12 mm. wide; culm stout. 17. C. utriculata. 



Leaves 2-5 mm. wide; culm slender. 18. C. tnonile. 



Spikes cylindric or oblong-cylindric, 2-5 cm. long, 12 mm. thick. 



Scales smooth-awned. 19. C. Tuckermani. 



Scales acute, acuminate or the upper obtuse. 20. C. bullata. 

 Perigynia, at least the lower ones, reflexed when mature. 



Spikes all clustered at the summit or the lower 1 or 2 separated; perigyni 



all reflexed when old. 21. C. retrorsa. 



Spikes scattered ; only the lower perigynia reflexed. 22. C. Hartii. 

 Scales tapering into rough awns, or subulate and scabrous. 



Spikes cylindric, about 12 mm. thick ; perigynia tapering into the beak. 



23. C. lurida. 

 Spikes narrowly cylindric, 6-8 mm. thick; perigynia abruptly narrowed into the 

 beak. 24. C. Baileyi. 



11. Carex oligospermia Michx. Few- seeded Sedge. (I. F. f. 681.) Gla- 

 brous; culms slender, 0.4-0.9 m. tall. Leaves about 3 mm. wide, involute when 

 old; bracts similar, overtopping the culm; staminate spike stalked; pistillate spikes 

 I or 2, 1-2 cm. long, sessile or the lower short-stalked, the upper sometimes 

 reduced to I or 2 perigynia and with a staminate summit; perigynia ovoid, erect, 

 inflated, strongly few-nerved, yellowish green, 4-5 mm. long, tapering into a 

 minutely 2-toothed beak; scales acute or mucronate, shorter than the perigynia; 

 stigmas 3. In bogs, Newf. to the N. W. Terr., Mass., Penn. and Mich. June-Sept. 



12. Carex Mainensis Porter. Maine Sedge. (I. F. f. 682.) Culm stouter 

 than that of C. miliaris, rough above, 0.4-0.9 m. tall. Leaves 2-3 mm. wide, flat, 

 shorter than the culm, the lower bracts narrower, staminate spikes 1-4, slender- 

 stalked; pistillate spikes 1-3, erect, cylindric or oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, sessile or 

 the lower short-stalked; perigynia oblong-elliptic, yellowish green, few-nerved. 

 acute, narrowed into a 2-toothed beak; scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 

 yellowish or brownish margined, slightly shorter than the perigynia; stigmas 2 

 or 3. On lake and river shores, Me. to Lab. Summer. (C. Raeana of 111. Fl. 

 not of Boott.) Perhaps a hybrid of the following with C. tnonile. 



13. Carex miliaris Michx. Northeastern Sedge. (I. F. f. 683.) Glabrous; 

 culm slender, roughish above. 0.2-0.5 m. tall. Leaves, flat, about 2 mm. wide. 

 elongated, nodulose; bracts similar to the leaves, often overtopping the culm; stami- 

 nate spikes I or 2, stalked, narrowly linear; pistillate spikes 1-3, oblong or linear- 

 oblong, many-flowered, 8-25 mm. long, the upper sessile, the lowest, when three, 

 stalked; perigynia ovoid, faintly few-nerved, 2-3 mm. long, dark brown or brown- 

 tipped, tapering into a short, nearly entire beak, slightly longer than the wholly or 

 partly brown scale; stigmas 2. Borders of lakes and streams, Lab. to Me. Re- 

 ported from N. Minn. Summer. 



The var. major Bailey is perhaps distinct. 



14. Carex saxatilis L. Russet Sedge. (I. F. f. 684.) Glabrous; culms 

 slender. 7-25 cm. tall. Leaves flat, 2-3 mm. broad; bracts short; staminate spike 

 short-stalked; pistillate spikes 1-4, all stalked or the upper nearly or quite sessile, 

 oblong, densely many-flowered; perigynia dark purple-brown, ovoid, nerveless or 

 faintly few-nerved, tipped with a short minutely 2-toothed beak; scales oblong, 

 subacute, greenish purple, about as long as the perigynia; stigmas usually 2. 

 Greenland to James Bay and Alaska. Also in arctic Europe and Asia. Summer. 



15. Carex membranopacta Bailey. Fragile Sedge. (I. F. f. 685.) Similar 

 to C. saxatilis but stouter and taller, 1.5-4.5 dm. high. Leaves flat, not exceeding 

 the culm, 3 mm. wide; bracts short; staminate spikes 1-3, short-stalked; pistillate 

 spikes commonly 2, sessile or the lower short-peduncled, narrowly oblong, obtuse, 

 about 2.5 cm. long and 8 mm. in diameter; perigynia spreading, brown-purple, 

 ovoid, fragile, much inflated, about 3 mm. long, tipped with a short nearly entire 

 beak, about as long as the ovate-oblong greenish-purple or white-margined scales. 

 Greenland, through arctic America to Kamptchatka. Summer. 



16. Carex ambusta Boott. Blackened Sedge. (I. F. f. 686.) Similar to 

 C. saxatilis; culms 2-4.5 dm - talL Leaves mostly less than 2 mm. wide, involute 



