196 FLORA, 



more slender, little inflated, strongly reflexed when mature, tapering into a slender 

 prominently 2-toothed beak, the teeth subulate and recurved-spreading ; scales 

 mostly shorter than the perigynia, very rough ; stigmas 3. In swamps, N. S. to 

 Ont. and Wash., south to Ga., La. and Cal. May-Oct. 



Scales linear-subulate, longer than the perigynia. 29. C. Frankii. 



Scales lanceolate, about one-half as long as the perigynia. 



Spikes 1-3, subglobose or oval, staminate below ; achene linear-oblong. 



30. C. sguarrosa. 

 Spikes 2-6, oblong-cylindric, usually staminate at both ends; achene ovoid. 



31. C. typhinoides. 



29. Carex Frankii Kunth. Frank's Sedge. (I. F. f. 699.) Glabrous; tufted; 

 culms stout, smooth, leafy, 0.3-0.7 m. tall. Leaves elongated, roughish, 5-8 mm. 

 wide; staminate spike stalked ; pistillate spikes 3-6, exceedingly dense, cylindric, 

 erect. I -4 cm. long, about 8 mm. in diameter, the upper nearly or quite sessile, the 

 lower slender-stalked; perigynia green, slightly inflated, about 2 mm. in diameter, 

 few-nerved, olx>void with a depressed summit from which arises the subulate 2- 

 toothed beak ; scales linear-subulate, longer than the perigynia ; stigmas 3. In 

 swamps and wet meadows, E. Penn. to Va. and Ga., Mo., La. and Tex. June- 

 Sept. [C stenolepis Torr., not Less.] 



30. Carex squarrosa L. Squarrose Sedge. (I. F. f. 700.) Glabrous ; 

 culms slender, rough above on the angles, 0.6-0.9 m - tall. Leaves elongated, rarely 

 more than 4 mm. wide, rough-margined ; spikes 1-3, erect, stalked, oblong or 

 globose, exceedingly dense, rarely over 2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. in diameter, the 

 upper one club-shaped, staminate at the base or sometimes for one-half its length 

 or more ; perigynia yellowish green, becoming tawny, the lowest reflexed, some- 

 what inflated but firm, obovoid, 2-3 mm. in diameter, few-nerved, abruptly nar- 

 rowed into the subulate minutely 2-toothed beak, twice as long as the lanceolate 

 acuminate or awn-tipped scale; achene linear-oblong, tapering into the stout style; 

 stigmas 3. In swamps and bogs, Conn, to Mich, and Neb., south to Ga., La. and 

 Ark. June-Sept. 



31. Carex typhinoides Schwein. Cat-tail Sedge. (I. F. f. 701.) Similar 

 to the preceding, but darker green; leaves often 8-10 mm. wide; spikes 2-6, cylin- 

 dric, 2-5 cm. long, 8-14 mm. in diameter, often staminate at both ends, the 

 terminal one commonly tapering to a conic summit; basal staminate flowers much 

 less numerous; perigynia dull straw color, ascending or the lowest spreading or 

 reflexed, inflated, abruptly contracted into the slender 2-toothed beak, which is 

 often upwardly bent; scales oblong-lanceolate, obtusish; achene ovoid-elliptic, 

 sharply 3-angled, tipped with the subulate style. In swamps, Quebec to Iowa, 

 Va., La. and Mo. July- Aug. 



Leaves bright green, not glaucous; teeth of the perigynium-beak slender, conspicuous. 



Scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; leaves glabrous. 32. C. trichocarpa. 



Scales ovate-lanceolate, rough-awned ; leaves often pubescent. 33. C. aristata. 

 Leaves pale green, glaucous; teeth of the perigynium-beak short. 



Pistillate spikes about 8 mm. thick, teeth of the perigynium-beak manifest. 



34. C. riparia. 

 Pistillate spikes about 4 mm. thick, teeth of the perigynium-beak minute. 



35. C. acuti/ormis. 



32. Carex trichocarpa Muhl. Hairy-fruited Sedge. (I. F. f. 702.) 

 Culm usually stout and tall, smooth below, very rough abov\ Leaves elongated, 

 glabrous, rough-margined, 4-6 mm. wide; staminate spikes 2-6, long-stalked; 

 pistillate spikes cylindric, densely flowered except at the base, 2-10 cm. long, 

 1 -1.6 cm. in diameter, the upper sessile or nearly so and erect, the lower slender- 

 stalked; perigynia ovoid-conic, pubescent or glabrous, many-ribbed. 8- 10 mm. 

 long, tapering into the stout conspicuously 2-toothed beak, the teeth somewhat 

 spreading; scale hyaline, acuteor acuminate. In marshes and wet meadows, Que- 

 bec to Mich., Iowa, Ga. and Kans. June-Aug. 



33. Carex aristata K. Br. AWNED Sedge. (I. F. f. 703.) Culms erect, 

 smooth or roughish above, sharp-angled, 0.5-1.2 m. tall. Leaves elongated, 

 5-10 mm. wide, often pubescent beneath and on the sheaths; staminate spikes as 

 in the preceding; pistillate spikes 3 5. remote, cylindric, sessile or the lower short- 



