CON VALLA FLA CEA E. 2? I 



ovules numerous, in 2 rows in each cavity; style slender, somewhat thickened 

 above; berry oval, several-seeded, about 8 mm. in diameter. In moist woods and 

 thickets Newf. to Out. and Minn., N. Car. and Wis. May-June. 



2. Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Torr. White Clintonia. (I. F. f. 1030.) 

 Scape 2-4.5 °- m - high- Leaves 2-5, oblong, oblanceolate or obovate, acute or cus- 

 pidate, ciliate, umbel several-many-flowered; pedicels ascending or erect, slender, 

 pubescent, becoming 1-3 cm. long in fruit ; flowers white, odorous, often purplish 

 dotted; perianth -segments obtusish; ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; style 

 slender; berry globose, few-seeded. In woods, N. Y. and N. J. to Ga. and Tenn. 

 May-June. 



3. VAGNERA Adans. [SMILACINA Desf.] 



Stem scaly below, leafy above, the leaves alternate, short-petioled or sessile. 

 Inflorescence a terminal raceme or panicle. Flowers white or greenish white, small. 

 Perianth of 6 spreading equal segments. Stamens 6, inserted at the bases of the 

 perianth-segments; filaments filiform or slightly flattened; anthers introrse. Ovary 

 3-celled, sessile ; ovules 2 in each cavity: style columnar; stigma 3-grooved or 3- 

 lobed. Berry globular. Seeds usually I or 2, subglobose. [Named in honor of 

 Wagner.] About 25 species, natives of North America, Central America, and 

 Asia. Besides the following, one or two others occur in the western U. S. 



Flowers numerous, panicled. 1. V. racemosa. 

 Flowers few-several, racemose. 



Plant 2.5-4.5 dm. high : leaves numerous. 2. V. stellata. 



Plant 0.5-4 dm. high ; leaves 2-4. 3. V. trifolia. 



i. Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. W 7 ild Spikenard. (I. F. f. 103 1.) 

 Rootstock fleshy. Stem somewhat angled, leafy, finely pubescent above, or nearly 

 glabrous, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval, sessile or the lower 

 short-petioled, 0.7-1.5 dm. long, acuminate, finely pubescent beneath, their margins 

 minutely ciliate; panicle densely many-flowered, 2-10 cm. long, peduncled; flow- 

 ers about 4 mm. broad; perianth-segments oblong; berry red, aromatic, speckled 

 with purple, 4-6 mm. in diameter. In moist woods and thickets, N. S. to Br. Col., 

 Ga.. Mo. and Ariz. May-July. 



2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. Star-flowered Solomon's Seal. (I. F. 

 f. 1032.) Rootstock stout, fleshy. Stem glabrous, 2-5 dm. tall, leafy. Leaves 

 oblong lanceolate or lanceolate, sessile and somewhat clasping, minutely pubescent 

 beneath. 5-13 cm. long, flator somewhat concave; raceme 2-5 long cm. long, several- 

 flowered; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; perianth-segments oblong, obtuse; style about as 

 long as the ovary; berry green with 6 black stripes, or black, 6-10 mm. in diameter. 

 In moist soil, Newf. to Br. Col., Va., Ky., Kans. and Cal. Also in northern 

 Europe. May-June. 



3. Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong. Three-leaved Solomon's Seal. (I. F. 

 f. 1033.) Glabrous; rootstock slender. Stem slender, 0.5-4 dm. high, 2-4-leaved 

 (usually 3-leaved;; leaves oval, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, sheathing, 515 

 cm. long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base; raceme few-flow- 

 ered, peduncled ; perianth-segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, finally 

 somewhat reflexed; berry dark red, 5-6 mm. in diameter. In bogs and wet woods, 

 Newf. to Br. Col., N. J., Perm, and Mich. Also in northern Asia. May-June. 



4. UNIFOLIUM Adans. [MAIANTHEMUM Wigg.] 



Low herbs, with slender rootstocks, simple few-leaved stems, and small white 

 flowers in a terminal raceme, the pedicels commonly 2-3 together. Perianth of 4 

 separate spreading segments. Stamens 4, inserted at the bases of the segments; 

 filaments filiform; anthers introrse. Ovary sessile, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cav- 

 ity; style about as long as the ovary, 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Berry globular, 1-2- 

 seeded. [Many plants bear only a solitary long-petioled leaf, arising from the 

 rootstock, whence the Latin name.] Two known species, the following of east- 

 ern N. Am., the other of Europe, Asia and N. W. America. 



1. Unifolium Canadense (Desf.) Greene. False Lily-of-the-valley. Two- 

 Leaved Solomon's Seal. (I. F. f. 1034.) Stem slender, 1-3-leaved (usually 2- 



