SMILACEAE. 2?$ 



erect, bent, or recurved; sepals narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; 

 petals white, oblong or oval, obtuse, longer than the sepals, erect-spreading; an- 

 thers about as long as the filaments, the connective not prolonged beyond the sacs; 

 styles slender; berry globose, 3-lobed. In woods and thickets, Penn. to Ohio, 

 Minn., Ky. and Neb. March-May. 



5. Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Large-flowered Wake-robin. 

 (I. F. f. 1046.) Stems usually stout, 2-4.5 ^m. high. Leaves rhombic-ovate or 

 rhombic-oval, 6-15 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed to the sessile or nearly sessile 

 base; peduncle 3-8 cm. long; sepals acuminate, 2-5 cm. long, spreading; petals 

 erect-spreading, obtuse or cuspidate, strongly veined, white or pink, thin, longer 

 than the sepals; anthers longer than the filaments; styles slender, berry globose, 

 black, slightly 6-lobed, 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter. In woods, Quebec to Ont., Minn., 

 Fla. and Mo. May-June. 



6. Trillium erectum L. Ill-scented Wake-robin. (I. F. f. 1047.) Stem 

 stout, 2-4 dm. high. Leaves broadly rhombic, 7-18 cm. long, often as wide 

 or wider, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base ; peduncle erect inclined or 

 declined beneath the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, spreading; petals acute 

 or acutish, spreading, equalling the sepals or longer, dark purple, pink, yellow, 

 greenish or white ; anthers longer than the filaments ; styles short ;" berry ovoid, 

 somewhat 6-lobed, reddish, 1.5-2.5 cm. long. In woods, N. S. to James Bay, 

 Manitoba, N. Car., Tenn. and Mo. Flowers unpleasantly scented. April- June. 



7. Triilium cernuum L. Nodding Wake-robin. (I. F. f. 1048.) Stem 

 2-5 dm. high. Leaves broadly rhombic, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the 

 base, sessile, or with the petioles 2-4 mm. long; peduncle recurved beneath the 

 leave?, the flower drooping; sepals acuminate; petals white or pink, rolled back- 

 ward, wavy-margined, equalling the sepals, or a little longer; anthers about as long 

 as the filaments; berry ovoid, red-purple. In rich woods, N. S. to Ont. and Minn., 

 Ga. and Mo. April-June. 



8. Trillium undulatum Willd. Painted Wake-robin. (I. F. f. 1049.) Stem 

 2-6 dm. high. Leaves ovate, 0.7-2 dm. long, petioled, long-acuminate at the 

 apex, obtuse or rounded at the base; flower peduncled, erect or somewhat 

 inclined, 2-6 cm. long; sepals acuminate, 1.8-3 cm - l° n g; petals ovate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminate or acute, white, with purple veins or stripes, thin, longer 

 than the sepals, wavy-margined; styles slender; berry ovoid, obtuse, bluntly 

 3-angled, bright red, shining, 1.2-2 cm. in diameter. In woods, N. S. to Ont. and 

 Wis., Ga. and Mo. May-June. [T. erythrocarpum Michx.] 



Family 5. SMILACEAE Vent. 



Smilax Family. 



Mostly vines with woody or herbaceous, often prickly stems. Leaves 

 alternate, netted-veined, several-nerved, petioled. Petiole sheathing, 

 bearing a pair of slender tendril-like appendages, persistent, the blade 

 falling away. Flowers small, mostly green, dioecious, in axillary umbels, 

 Perianth-segments 6. Stamens mostly 6, distinct ; filaments ligulate ; 

 anthers basifixed, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, the cavities opposite 

 the inner perianth-segments ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, orthotropous ; 

 style very short or none ; stigmas 1-3. Fruit a globose berry containing 

 1-^6 brownish seeds. Endosperm horny, copious ; embryo small, oblong, 

 remote from the hilum. Genera 3, only the following in N. A.; species 

 about 200, in warm and temperate regions. 



1. smIlax l. 



Rootstocks usually large and tuberous, stems usually twining, and climbing by 

 means of the coiling appendages of the petiole. Lower leaves reduced to scales. 

 Flowers regular. Perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. Pedicels borne on a 

 globose or conic receptacle, inserted in small pits, generally among minute bract- 



