276 FLORA. 



lets. Filaments inserted on the bases of the perianth-segments. Staminate flowers 

 without an ovary. Pistillate flowers usually smaller than the staminate, usually 

 with 1-6 abortive stamens. Berry black, red or purple rarely white), with 3 

 strengthening bands of tissue running through the outer part of the pulp, connected 

 at the base and apex. Embryo lying under a tubercle at the upper end of the seed. 

 [Ancient Greek name, perhaps not originally applied to these plants.] About 195 

 species of wide distribution, most abundant in tropical America and Asia. Besides 

 the following, about five others occur in the southern U. S., and one in Cal. and Ore, 



Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed. 



Petioles tendril-bearing; stems climbing. 

 Leaves usually ovate, thin. 



Leaves glabrous. 1. S. herbacea. 



Leaves pubescent beneath. 2. S. pulvernlenta* 



Leaves usually hastate, coriaceous. 3. S. tamnifolia. 



Petioles without tendrils or nearly so ; stems erect. 4. S. ecirrhata. 



Stem perennial, woody, usually armed with prickles. 

 Berries black or bluish-black. 

 Fruit ripening the first year. 



Leaves glaucous. 5. S. glauca. 



Leaves green on both sides. 



Leaves rounded or lanceolate. 5-nerved. 6. .S". rotundifolia. 



Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 7. S. hispida. 



Leaves round-ovate, often narrowed at the middle, 7-9-nerved. 



8. S. Pseudo-China. 

 Leaves deltoid or deltoid-hastate, 5-7-nerved, often with 1 or 2 additional 

 nerves on each side. 9. S. Bona-nox. 



Fruit ripening the second year ; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, evergreen. 



10. S. laurifolia. 

 Berries red. 



Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base rounded ; berries bright red. 



11. S. Walteri. 

 Leaves lanceolate, acute at the base ; berries dull red. 12. S. lanceolata. 



x. Smilax herbacea L. Carrion-flower. (I. F. f. 1050.) Tubers short, 

 thick, numerous. Stem herbaceous, glabrous, unarmed. Leaves ovate, rounded, 

 or lanceolate, acute, acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, obtuse or cordate at the 

 base, thin, 7-9-nerved, 3-13 cm. long; peduncles usually 6-10 times as long as the 

 petioles, flattened; umbels 15-80-flowered; pedicels 6-16 mm. long; flowers 

 carrion-scented; filaments 2-3 times as long as the anthers; berries bluish black, 

 2-4-seeded, 6-8 mm. in diameter. In woods and thickets, N. B. to Ont., Dak., 

 Fla., La. and Neb. April-June. 



2. Smilax pulverulenta Michx. Hairy Carrion-flower. Similar to the 

 preceding; stems elongated, climbing; leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, 8-15 cm. long, 

 short-acuminate, usually 9-nerved, pubescent beneath, cordate at the base; petioles 

 often as long as the blades; peduncles as long as the petioles or longer: pedicels 

 5 12 mm. long; berries subglobose, 8-10 mm. in diameter. In alluvial soil, Ont. 

 t ) Wis., N. Car. and Mo. Spring. 



3. Smilax tamnifolia Michx. Halberd-leaved Smilax. (I. F. f. 1051.) 

 Glabrous, herbaceous; stem and branches unarmed. Leaves coriaceous, mostly 

 ovate-hastate, with broad obtuse lobes at the base, slightly narrowed at about the 

 middle, truncate or subcordate at the base, green on both sides, 2.5-8 cm. long, 

 5-7-nerved; peduncles 1-3 from the same axil, 2-10 cm. long, usually much longer 

 than the leaves; umbels 10-30-flowered; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; filaments 1-2 

 times as long as the anthers; berries black, 4-6 mm. in diameter, 1-3-seeded. In 

 dry soil, S. N. J. and Penn. to S. Car. and Tenn. May-July. 



4. Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm.) S.Wats. Upright Smilax. (I. F. f. 1052.) 

 Stem herbaceous, glabrous, simple, erect, 1.5-6 dm. tall. Leaves often whorled at 

 the summit of the stem, ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, thin, 5-9-nerved, 

 more or less pubescent beneath and erose-denticulate on the margins; petioles 2-3.6 

 cm. long; peduncles long, often pubescent; pedicels 4-10 mm. long. In dry soil, 

 Va. to Minn, and Fla. May-June. 



5. Smilax glauca Walt. Glaucous-leaved Greenbrier. (I. F. f. 1053.) 

 Root>tork dee]), knotted and tuberous. Stem terete; branches and twigs angled, 



