340 FLORA. 



i. MORUS L. 



Trees or shrubs, with milky sap, alternate dentate and often lobed, 3-nerved 

 leaves, fugacious stipules, the pistillate spikes ripening into a succulent aggregate 

 fruit. Staminate (lowers with a 4-parted perianth, its segments somewhat imbri- 

 cated, and 4 stamens, the filaments indexed in the bud, straightening and exserted 

 in anthesis. Pistillate flowers with a 4-parted persistent perianth, which becomes 

 fleshy in fruit, a sessile ovary, and 2 linear spreading stigmas. Fruiting perianth 

 enclosing the ripened ovary, the exocarp succulent, the endocarp crustaceous. 

 Albumen scanty; embryo curved. [The ancient name of the mulberry; Celtic 

 mot'. ] About 10 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following 

 trees, another occurs in the southwestern U. S. 



Leaves rough above, pubescent beneath; fruit purple; spikes 2-6 cm. long. 1. M. rubra. 

 Leaves smooth and glabrous, or very nearly so, on both sides; fruit nearly white; spikes 

 1-1.5 cm. long. 2. M. alba. 



1. Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. (I. F. f. 1257.) Bark brown and 

 rough. Leaves ovate or nearly orbicular, scabrous above, pubescent beneath, or 

 when young almost tomentose, acuminate at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate 

 at the base, serrate-dentate or 3-7 lobed, 7-13 cm. long ; staminate spikes droop- 

 ing ; pistillate spikes spreading or pendulous in fruit, 8-10 mm. in diameter, 

 slender-peduncled, dark purple-red, delicious. In rich soil, Vt. and Ont. to Mich., 

 S. Dak., Fla. and Tex. April-May. Fruit ripe in June. 



2. Morus alba L. White Mulberry. (I. F. f. 1258.) Bark light gray, 

 rough, the branches spreading. Leaves ovate, thin, smooth, glabrous and some- 

 what shining on both sides, acute or abruptly acuminate at the apex, rounded, 

 truncate or cordate at the base, varying from serrate to variously lobed, 5-15 cm. 

 long ; staminate spikes slender, drooping ; pistillate spikes oblong or subglobose, 

 drooping, 6 mm. in diameter and white or pinkish when mature, not as succulent as 

 those of the preceding. Sparingly escaped from cultivation. Me. and Ont. to Fla. 

 Introduced from the Old World for feeding silkworms. May. Fruit ripeJuly-Aug. 



2. TOXYLON Raf. [MACLURA Nutt.] 



A tree, with milky sap, thick alternate petioled pinnately veined leaves, stout 

 axillary spines, caducous stipules and dioecious axillary flowers, the staminate 

 racemose, the pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a 4-parted calyx, its seg- 

 ments valvate, and 4 stamens, the filaments inflexed in the bud, straightening and 

 somewhat exserted in anthesis. Pistillate flowers with a 4-cleft calyx enclosing 

 the sessile ovary, and a filiform long-exserted style, the calices becoming fleshy 

 and enlarged in fruit, densely aggregated into a large globular head. Endosperm 

 none; embryo curved. [Greek, signifying bow- wood.] A monotypic genus of the 

 south -central U. S. 



1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage Orange. (I. F. f. 1259.) Foliage 

 puberulent when young, glabrous when mature. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or 

 ovate-oblong, glossy, entire, 7— 15 cm. long, apex acuminate, base obtuse, truncate 

 or subcordate; axillary spines sometimes 8 cm. long; staminate racemes 1-2. 5 cm. 

 long; flowers about 2 mm. broad; head of pistillate flowers peduncled, pendulous, 

 ripening into a hard yellowish tubercled syncarp 5-15 cm. in diameter. In rich 

 soil, Mo. and Kans. to Tex. Much planted for hedges and occasionally spontane- 

 ous in the East. May-June. Fruit ripe Oct. -Nov. 



3. BROUSSONETIA L'Her. 



Trees, with milky sap, the leaves alternate, petioled. entire, serrate, or 3-5. 

 lobed, 3-nerved at the base. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in cylindric ament- 

 like spikes, the pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a deeply 4-cleft peri- 

 anth, 4 stamens, and a minute rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with an 

 ovoid or tubular perianth, a stalked ovary and a 2-cleft style. Head of fruit glob- 

 ular, the drupes red. exserted beyond the persistent perianth. [In honor of Brous- I 

 Ponet, French naturalist.] About 4 species, natives of eastern Asia. 



1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry. (I. F. f. 1260. 

 Young shoots hirsute-tomentose. Leaves mostly ovate, thin, long-petioled, serrate, jjj 



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