MA GNOLIA Ch A E. 409 



1. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Hornwort. (I. F. f. 1536.) Stemso.5-2.5 

 m. long. Leaves 8-25 mm. long; ripe fruit oval, 4-6 mm. long with a spine-like 

 beak 4-8 mm. long, smooth and spurless or with a long basal spur on each side, 

 or tuberculate and with narrowly winged spiny margins or broadly winged without 

 spines. In ponds and slow streams, throughout N. Am., except the extreme north. 

 June-July. 



Family 3. MAGNOLIACEAE J. St. Hil. 



Magnolia Faynily. 



Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves, large solitary flowers, and bitter 

 aromatic bark. Sepals and petals hypogynous, deciduous. Stamens co ; 

 anthers adnate. Carpels =0 , separate or coherent, borne on the surface 

 of the elongated receptacle, ripening into an aggregate fruit composed of 

 1-2-seeded follicles or achenes. About 10 genera and 70 species, of wide 

 distribution. 



Anthers introrse ; leaves entire, or with 2 basal lobes. 1. Magnolia. 



Anthers extrorse; leaves lobed or truncate. 2. Liriodendron. 



1. MAGNOLIA L. 



Leaves large and generally thick, entire. Buds covered with conduplicate 

 sheathing stipules. Flowers fragrant. Sepals petaloid. Petals 6-12. imbricated 

 in 2-4 series. Anthers linear, introrse. Carpels spiked or capitate on the elevated 

 or elongated receptacle. 2-ovuled, forming follicles at maturity. Seeds fleshy, sus- 

 pended from the ripe pink or rose cones by slender filamentous threads. [In honor 

 of Pierre Magnol, 1638-17 15, Professor of Botany in Montpellier. ] A genus of 

 about 15 species, natives of eastern N. Am., eastern Asia and the Himalayas. 



Leaves auriculate, glabrous. 1. M. Fraseri. 



Leaves cordate, white-pubescent beneath. 2. M. macrophylla. 



Leaves acute at the base. 



Leaves 2-5 dm. long, light green beneath; corolla higher than broad. 



3. M. tripetala. 

 Leaves 0.7-1.5 dm. long, glaucous beneath; corolla broader than high. 



4. M. Virginiana. 

 Leaves rounded or truncate at the base, thin. 5. M. acuminata. 



i. Magnolia Fraseri Walt. Fraser's Magnolia. Long- or Ear-leaved 

 Umbrella-tree. (I. F. f. 1537.) A tree 8-16 m. high, the branches spreading. 

 Leaf- buds glabrous; leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, auriculate, 1.5-4 

 dm. long, elongated- obovate or oblong, contracted below, the lower surface light 

 green, the upper darker; petioles 2-8 cm. long; flowers white, 1-2 dm. broad; petals 

 spatulate or obovate, obtuse, much longer than the sepals; cone of fruit 0.7-1 dm. 

 long. In mountain woods, Va. and Ky. to Fla. and Miss. May-June. 



2. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Great-leaved Magnolia. Large- 

 leaved Umbrella-tree, or Cucumber-tree. (I. F. f. 1538.) A tree 6-20 m. 

 high; bark gray. Leaf-buds silky-pubescent; leaves oblong or obovate, blunt, 

 cordate, 3-1 1 dm. long, i— 3. 5 dm. broad, glaucous-white and pubescent beneath; 

 petioles stout, 5- 10 cm. long; flowers 2-4 dm. in diameter, white with a large pur- 

 ple centre; petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, thrice the length of the rounded sepals; 

 cone of fruit ovoid-cylindric, I-I.5 dm. long. In woods, Ky. to N. Car., Fla., Ark. 

 and La. May -June. 



3. Magnolia tripetala L. Umbrella-tree. Elk-wood. (I. F. f. 1539.) 

 A tree 6-13 m. high. Leaf-buds glabrous; leaves clustered at the summits of the 

 branches, 3-5 dm. long, 1-2 dm. wide, obovate, acute, cuneate at the base, more 

 or less pubescent beneath; petioles stout; flowers 2-2.5 dm. * n diameter, white, 

 slightly odorous; sepals broad, reflexed. early deciduous; petals oblong-lanceolate 

 or obovate-lanceolate, acutish; cone of fruit 1-1.5 dm. long. In woods, Penn. to Ga., 

 Ark. and Miss. May. 



4. Magnolia Virginiana L. Laurel Magnolia. Sweet Bay. (I. F. f. 

 1540.) A tree 5-23 m. high. Leaf-bud:, pul>escent; leaves scattered, 0.7-1.5 dm. 



