43 2 FLORA. 



for a favorite of Venus, changed into a flower.] A genus of Europe and Asia, 

 consisting of the following and about five other species. 



i. Adonis annua L. Pheasant's Eve. (I. F. f. 1639.) Annual, erect, 

 3-6 dm. high, glabrous. Leaves finely dissected, the lower petioied, the upper 

 sessile, the segments acute ; sepals smooth, deciduous ; flowers 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, 

 nearly globular, the petals obovate, and darker colored at the base ; achenes 

 spicate, rugose or angular. Occasional in waste places, especially southward. 

 Fugitiye from Europe. Summer. 



Family 6. BERBERIDACEAE T. & G. 

 Barberry Family. 

 Shrubs or herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, with or without 

 stipules, and solitary or racemed mostly terminal flowers. Sepals and 

 petals generally imbricated in several series. Stamens as many as the 

 petals and opposite them, hypogynous. Flowers perfect and pistil one 

 in our species. Anthers extrorse, opening by valves (except in Podo- 

 phyllum). Style short ; ovules 2-00 , anatropous. Fruit a berry or capsule. 

 About 20 genera and 105 species, widely distributed in the north temper- 

 ate zone, the Andes and temperate S. Am., a few in tropical regions. 

 Shrubs ; fruit baccate. 1. Berber is. 



Herbs. 



Anthers opening by valves. 



Pericarp early bursting, leaving two large naked stalked seeds, resembling 



berries. 2. Caulophyllum. 



Fruit baccate ; stamens 6. 3. Diphylleia. 



Fruit capsular, half circumscissile. 4. Jeffersonia. 



Anthers longitudinally dehiscent ; fruit baccate ; stamens 6-18. 



5. Podophyllum. 

 1. BERBERIS L. 

 Shrubs with yellow wood, simple or compound often spiny leaves, and yellow 

 racemose (rarely solitary) flowers. Sepals 6-9, petaloid, bracted. Petals 6, im- 

 bricated in 2 series, each with 2 basal glands. Stamens 6, irritable, closing 

 around the stigma when shocked ; anthers dehiscent by valves opening from the 

 apex. Pistil 1 ; stigma peltate. Berry i-few-seeded. [From the Arabic name.] 

 A genus of about 75 species, natives of N. Am., Europe, northern Asia and S. Am. 

 Besides the following, about 10 others are found in the western parts of N. Am. 

 Leaves simple ; racemes drooping; berries scarlet. 



Twigs ash -colored ; racemes many-flowered ; petals entire. 1. B. vulgaris. 

 Twigs dark brown '; racemes few-flowered ; petals notched. 2. B. Canadensis. 

 Leaves pinnate ; racemes erect ; berries blue or purple. 3. B. Aqui/olium. 



t. Berberis vulgaris L. European Barberry. (I. F. f. 1640.) A glabrous 

 shrub, 2-3 m. high, the branches arched, the twigs gray. Leaves alternate 01 

 fascicled, obovate or spatulate, unifoliolate, obtuse, 2-5 cm. long, bristly serrate, 

 many of those on shoots reduced to 3-pronged spines ; racemes lateral, many- 

 flowered, 2-10 cm. long ; flowers yellow, 6-8 mm. broad ; petals entire ; berries 

 oblong, scarlet when ripe, acid. In thickets, nat. from Europe in the Eastern 

 and Middle States, adventive in Canada and the West. May-June. 



2. Berberis Canadensis Mill. American Barberry. (I. R f. 1641.) A 

 shrub, 0.3-2 m. high, with slender, reddish brown branchlets. Leaves similar 

 to those of B. vulgaris, but with more divergent and distant teeth, or sometimes 

 nearly entire ; racemes few- flowered ; petals notched or emarginate at the apex ; 

 berries scarlet, oval or subglobose. In woods, mountains of Va. to Ga., and in 

 Mo. June. 



3. Berberis Aquifdlium Pursh. Trailing Mahonia. (I. R f. 1642.) A 

 trailing glabrous shrub. Leaves petioied, pinnate ; leaflets 3-7, ovate, oval, or 

 nearly orbicular, oblique, obtuse, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, sessile, 

 thick, persistent, finely reticulated, dentate with spine-bearing teeth, 2-5 cm. 

 long; racemes several, erect, dense, terminal, many-dowered; flowers yellow, 

 6-8 mm. broad, short-pedicelled . bracts ovate, persistent; berry globose, blue or 

 purple, about 6 nun. in diameter. W. Neb., Ariz, and Br. Col. April-May. 



