462 FLORA. 



31. SOPHIA Adans. 



Herbs (some exotic species shrubby), cancscent or pubescent with short forked 

 hairs, with slender stems, 2-pinnatifid or finely dissected leaves, and small yellow 

 flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx early deciduous. Style very short. Siliques 

 linear <>r Linear-oblong, the valves 1 -nerved. Seeds small, oblong, wingless; coty- 

 ledons incumbent. [Name in allusion to reputed medicinal properties.] About 15 

 species, natives of the north temperate zone, the Canary Islands, and the Andes 

 of S. Am. Besides the following, another occurs in the southwestern U. S. 



Pods narrowly linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, curved upward ; pedicels ascending. 



1. S. Sophia. 

 Pods linear-oblong, 5-14 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, straight or nearly so. 



Densely and finely canescent; pedicels horizontal; pods ascending. 2. S. pinnata. 

 Glabrate or somewhat canescent. 



Pedicels and pods horizontal. 3. S. millefolia. 



Pedicels ascending or erect ; pods almost erect. 

 Pedicels mostly longer than the pods. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate in outline; terminal segment of the pin- 

 nae not very broad; style evident but short. 4. S. intermedia. 

 Lower leaves obovate in outline; terminal segment of the pinnae much 

 broader than the others; style obsolete. 5. S. brachycarpa. 

 Pedicels shorter than or equalling the pods. 6. S. Hartwegiana. 



1. Sophia Sophia (L.)Britton. Flixweed. Herb-Sophia. (I. F. f. 1766.) 

 Minutely hoary-canescent; stem usually much branched, 3-7.5 dm. tall. Leaves 

 2-3-pinnatifid into narrowly linear or linear-oblong segments; flowers numerous, 

 about 6 mm. long ; pedicels ascending, slender, 12-16 mm. long, glabrous or 

 nearly so; seeds in I row in each cell of the pod. In waste places, N. B. to Ont., 

 N. Y., 111. and Neb. Nat. from Europe. June-Aug. [Sisymbrium Sophia L.j 



2. Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Britton. Tansy-Mustard. (I. F. f. 1767.) 

 Densely canescent ; stem 2-6 dm. tall, the branches ascending. Leaves 5-10 cm. 

 long, oblong in outline, 2-pianatifid into numerous small obtuse segments; pedicels 

 slender, spreading nearly or quite at right angles to the axis, 10-14 mm. long, 

 usually longer than the pods; flowers 2-3 mm. broad; pods ascending, oblong or 

 linear-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; style minute; seeds in 2 rows in each 

 cell. In dry soil, Va. to Fla. and Tex. May-July. [Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. ] 



3. Sophia millefolia Rydberg. Southern Tansy-Mustard. Gener- 

 ally "taller" and less leafy than the preceding, with broader leaves, oval in outline. 

 less dissected, very thin; whole plant almost perfectly glabrous; pedicels 15-20 

 mm. Long; pods club-shaped, less than 1 cm. long; style short; seeds in 2 rows. 

 [Sisymbrium myriophyllum Meisner, not DC] Ky. to Tex. May-June. 



4. Sophia intermedia Rydb. Western Tansy-Mustard. (I. F. f. 1768.) 

 Resembles S. pinnata, but is greener, nearly glabrous, or the pubescence mixed with 

 short glandular hairs. Leaves pinnately divided, and the pinnae I 2-pinnatifid 

 into linear-oblong entire or toothed segments; fruiting pedicels widely ascending, 

 1-2 cm. long, usually longer than the pods; pods 8-14 mm. long, about 2 mm. 

 thick, almost erect, seeds in I row. In dry soil, N. Y. to the N. W. Terr.. Br. 

 Col., Tenn., Kans., Tex. and Cal. Has been mistaken for S. pinnata and 

 S. incisa. May-Aug. 



5. Sophia brachycarpa (Richards.) Rydb. Northern Tansy-Mustard. 

 In general habit and form of the leaves closely resembling S. Sophia, but the leaf 

 segments are -hotter, broader and more obtuse; pods short, clavate, 5-8 mm. long, 

 with an obsolete style [Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richardson]. Canada (Pursh 

 and Presque Isle, Mich. (Houghton), to Assiniboia and Arkansas. May-July. 



6. Sophia Hartwegiana (Fourn.) Greene. Hartweg's Tansy-Mustard. 

 (I. F. f. 1769.) Minutely canescent or puberulent; stem 3-6 dm. tall. Leaves 

 pinnately divided into 5-7 pinnae, which are pinnatifid, with obtuse segments and 

 lobes: fruiting pedicels erect appressed, 3-8 mm. long, shorter than or equalling 

 the pods; pods erect or nearly so, linear. 8-10 mm. long, about 1 mm. thick; seeds 

 in 1 row. In dry soil, Minn, to the N. W. Terr., Ore., Utah, Mex. and Cal. 

 May-July. 



