ILICACEAE. 603 



1. ILEX L. 



Leaves minutely stipulate. Flowers cymose or solitary, perfect or polygamous. 

 Calyx small, 4-5 -cleft or toothed. Petals 4-9, somewhat united at the base, ob- 

 long, obtuse. Stamens of the same number, adnate to the base of the corolla. 

 Berry dike drupe globose, with 4-8 bony or crustaceous nutlets. [Ancient name 

 of the Holly Oak.] About 160 species, mostly natives of America. In addition to 

 the following, some 5 others occur in the southeastern U. S. 



Leaves, thick, evergreen, persistent. 

 Nutlets ribbed. 



Leaves spiny-toothed. I. I. opaca. 



Leaves toothed or entire, not spiny. 



Leaves entire or few-toothed ; calyx-lobes acute. 2. /. Cassine. 



Leaves coarsely crenate; calyx-lobes obtuse. 3. /. vomitoria. 



Nutlets not ribbed ; leaves dotted beneath. 



Leaves oblanceolate to elliptic, obtusish; drupe 4-6 mm. in diameter. 



4. /. glabra. 

 Leaves obovate to oblong, acute ; drupe 6-8 mm. in diameter. 5. /. lucida. 

 Leaves thin, deciduous. 



Nutlets ribbed; peduncles i-flowered. 



Leaves small, obovate or spatulate, crenate. 6. /. decidua. 



Leaves large, ovate or lanceolate, sharply serrate. 7. /. monticola. 



Nutlets not ribbed. 



Flowers all short-pedicelled. 



Leaves oval to oblong; twigs brown; fruit scarlet. 8. /. verticillata. 



Leaves obovate; twigs gray; fruit orange-red. 9. /. Bronxensis. 



Staminate flowers on long and slender pedicels. 10. /. laevigata. 



1. Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly. (I. F. f. 2356.) A tree of slow 

 growth, sometimes 15 m. high. Young twigs sparingly pubescent; leaves elliptic 

 or obovate, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, glabrous, spiny-tipped, rarely nearly 

 or quite entire; petioles 4-8 mm. long; staminate cymes 3-10-flowered. 1.25-2.5 

 cm. long; fertile flowers mostly solitary; calyx-lobes acute, ciliate; drupe globose 

 or globose-oblong, red, rarely yellow, 8-10 mm. in diameter. In moist woods, S. 

 Me. to Fla., Penn., Mo. and Tex. April-June. 



2. Ilex Cassine L. Dahoon Holly. (I. F. f. 2357.) A shrub, or small 

 tree. Twigs pubescent; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 5-10 cm. long, 

 1.25-2.5 cm. wide, acute at the base, glabrous and dark green above, pale and 

 usually pubescent beneath; petioles 6-8 mm. long; staminate cymes several- or 

 many-flowered; peduncles and pedicels pubescent; fertile cymes commonly 3- 

 flowered; calyx-lobes ciliate; drupes red, globose, 4-6 mm. in diameter. In low 

 woods. S. Va. to Fla., near the coast, west to La. May. 



3. Ilex vomitdria Ait. Cassena. Yaupon. (I. F. f. 2358.) A shrub, or 

 small tree. Petioles and young twigs puberulent; leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic, 

 1.25-3.75 cm. long. 8-18 mm. wide, obtuse at both ends, crenate, glabrous, pale 

 beneath, dark green above; petioles 2-4 mm. long; staminate cymes several- 

 flowered, short-peduncled; fertile cymes sessile, 1-3-flowered; drupe red, 4-6 mm. 

 in diameter. In low woods, Va. to Fla., Ark. and Tex. Also in Bermuda. May. 



4. Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray. Inkberry. Evergreen Winter-berry. 

 (I. F. f. 2359.) A shrub, 6- 18 dm. high. Young twigs and petioles puberulent; 

 leaves dark green and shining above, paler beneath, oblanceolate or elliptic, 2.5-5 

 cm. long, 1-1.8 cm. wide, generally cuneate at the base, obtusish and few-toothed 

 at the apex, or sometimes entire; petioles 4-8 mm. long; sterile cymes several- 

 flowered, slender-peduncled; fertile flowers generally solitary; drupe black. In 

 sandy soil, E. Mass. to Fla., west to La., mainly near the coast. Reported from 

 N. S. June-July. 



5. Ilex lucida (Ait.) T. & G. Shining Inkberry. (I. F. f. 2359a.) A 

 glabrous shrub, 5 m. high or less. Leaves acute at both ends, entire, or with a 

 few small sharp teeth, 2-8 cm. long, dark green and shining alxjve, paler beneath, 

 short-petioled, somewhat viscid when young; flowers clustered in the axils or the 

 staminate solitary, the cymes sessile; pedicels bractless, short; cah x -cgments6-9; 

 drupe black; nutlets flat. Swamps, Va. to Fla. and La. April May. 



