636 FLORA. 



outline, becoming 7-13 cm. wide, some undivided, merely dentate or coarsely ser- 

 rate, mostly cleft or divided to below the middle into 5 or 7 incised lobes, the base 

 strongly decurrent; flowers blue; sepals lanceolate, acute; capsules abundant, those 

 from the petaliferous llowers oval, prismatic, 8-16 mm. long, on erect peduncles, 

 those from the cleistogamous flowers oblong, smaller, ascending or erect. Open 

 ground along roads, Mo. to Kans. and Ind. Terr. Type collected by J. B. S. Norton 

 at Valley Park, Mo., July 15, 1899. 



6. Viola falcata Greene. Falcate-leaved Violet. Plants solitary, with 

 a long perpendicular rootstock, leaves few, sparsely pubescent, the blades 1-2.5 

 cm. long when mature, broadly deltoid in outline, cleft or divided into several seg- 

 ments which are either simple or again lobed, the outer distinctly falcate; flowers 

 similar to those of V. palmata ; capsules from the apetalous flowers ovoid, usually 

 hypogoeous, on slender horizontal peduncles. In dry but rich woods, N. Car. to 

 southern 111. May-June. 



7. Viola pedata L. Bird's-foot Violet. (I. F. f. 2492.) Glabrous, from a 

 short vertical rootstock; leaves numerous, the blades nearly orbicular in outline, 

 1.5-5 cm. wide, pedately parted or divided into 5-1 1 linear, often toothed lobes, those 

 of the earliest leaves broader and spatulate; flowers 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, lilac, blue, 

 or rarely white, one or both of the upper petals frequently dark purple; stigma 

 beardless, not rostrate; capsules 1-1.4 cm. long. Dry fields and hillsides, Me. and 

 Ont. to Minn., Mo. and Fla. April-May. 



8. Viola cuspidata Greene. Cuspidate Violet. Low at flowering time, 

 usually densely hirsute; leaves borne well above the flowering scapes, the blades 

 from cordate-ovate to orbicular, crenate- serrate, rugose-veined, cucuilate; flowers 

 16-18 mm. broad, deep blue; sepals lanceolate, obtuse; upper petals obovate, acute, 

 the lowermost one truncate and cuspidate ; capsules from the cleistogamous flowers 

 on decumbent peduncles. Woods, Ind., Wis., Minn, to Br. Col. April-May. 



9. Viola obliqua Hill. Thin-leaved Wood Violet. Slender, often soli- 

 tary, from a horizontal or ascending rootstock; leaves dark green, long-petioled, 

 the blades cordate-ovate, usually attenuate at apex, with a deep sinus at base, the 

 margin irregularly crenate-dentate, 2.5-7.5 cm. broad; blade not at all cucuilate, 

 but spreading at right angles to the petiole; scapes nearly equalling the foliage; 

 flowers pale blue; capsules oblong-oval, 6 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers on filiform deflexed peduncles. Rich soil in shade, N. Y. to Va. April- 

 May. \V. affinis LeConte. Not V. obliqua of 111. Fl.]. 



10. Viola papilionacea Pursh. Meadow or Hooded Blue Violet. (I. F. 

 f. 2487.) Usually glabrous, the foliage bright green; leaves with blades 5—13 cm. 

 long, usually cucuilate, reniform or ovate, crenate, cordate at base; scapes exceed- 

 ing the leaves at flowering time; flowers 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, dark violet-purple, the 

 two upper petals reflexed; keel petal narrow, this and the lateral ones copiously 

 bearded with yellowish-white hairs; capsules oblong, those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers on deflexed peduncles. \V. obliqua of III. Fl., not of Hill.] Woodlands 

 and meadows, N. S. to Minn., Ga. and Kan. April-June. 



V. papilionacea domestica (Bicknell) Pollard. (I. F. App. f. 2487a.) Plant of much 

 stouter habit; blades of the leaves usually broadly reniform, somewhat decurrent at base, 

 often 10-13 cm. wide; cleistogamous flowers very numerous, mostly subterranean. [V. 

 i/owestica Bicknell.] Cultivated soil around dwellings, N. Y. to Va. April-May. 



11. Viola pratincola Greene. Entire-leaved Prairie Violet. Glabrous, 

 from a stout ascending knotted rootstock; leaves light green, the blades cordate- 

 reniform, crenate, abruptly attenuate, becoming 6-10 cm. broad; scapes mostly ex- 

 ceeding the leaves ; flowers 1. 5-2 cm. wide, light blue, the petals broad and 

 rounded, paler at base, the lowermost purple-veined, the lateral conspicuously 

 white-bearded; capsules from cleistogamous flowers oval, almost entirely subter- 

 ranean. Prairies. Ind. to Minn, and Iowa. April-May. 



12. Viola villosa Walt. Southern Wood Violet. (I. F. f. 2488.) Root- 

 stock short, thick, oblique. Leaves commonly appressed to the ground, dark green, 

 often purple-veined above, purplish beneath, silvery-hairy or glabrate, the blade 

 reniform or orbicular, with a narrow sinus, usually obtuse, crenate, 2.5-6 cm. 

 wide; scapes exceeding the leaves; flowers reddish-purple, 12-16 mm. wide; sepals 

 lanceolate, obtuse; spur blunt; capsules 6 8 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 



