VIOLACEAE. 637 



flowers on horizontal peduncles. Dry woods and hillsides, N. Y. and N. J. to Ga. 

 and La. April-May. 



13. Viola cucullata Ait. Marsh Blue Violet. (I. F. App. f. 2487b.) Gla- 

 brous, the foliage pale green; leaves thin, from reniform to broadly ovate, obtuse, 

 cucullate, the margins irregularly crenate-dentate; scapes equalling or exceeding the 

 leaves; flowers pale blue or sometimes white, 1.5-2 cm. wide; capsules oblong, 

 trigonous, those from the cleistogamous flowers on elongated slender peduncles 

 usually longer than the leaves. Bogs and wet meadows, Me. and Ont. to Ga. and 

 Mo. April-June. 



14. Viola septentrionalis Greene. Northern Blue Violet. Tufted, low, 

 the leaves and petioles sparsely hirsute; blades light green, paler beneath, from 

 reniform to suborbicular, strongly cucullate, all obtuse, crenulate; scapes about 

 equalling the foliage; flower pale violet-blue, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the petals broad and 

 mostly obcordate ; sepals small, linear, ciliate; capsules oval, very short, those from 

 the cleistogamous flowers on slender erect peduncles. Rich woods, Ont. to north- 

 ern N. Eng. May. 



15 Viola venustula Greene. Small Blue Violet. Very small at flower- 

 ing time, from a short oblique rootstock; leaves glabrous, rather dark green, 

 deltoid-ovate or cordate-ovate, acute or attenuate, crenate-serrate, cucullate when 

 young; scapes equalling or barely exceeding the leaves; flower 10-15 mm. broad, 

 deep violet-blue; petals broad, obtuse, the lateral ones bearded with white hairs; 

 capsules small, nearly globose, those from the later cleistogamous flowers subter- 

 ranean. Wet meadows, Prince Edward Island and Ont. to northern N. Eng. 

 May. 



16. Viola vagula Greene. Small Mottled Blue Violet. Low, rather 

 succulent, from an erect rootstock; leaves dark green with some scattered pubes- 

 cence, the blades 2.5 cm. broad, deltoid-cordate, the margin obscurely crenate; 

 scapes surpassing the leaves; flowers 2.5 cm. wide; petals deep violet, white at 

 base with purple veinings, obovate, the lowermost often obcordate, the lateral 

 densely bearded; sepals oblong, obtuse; capsules oblong, those from the cleis- 

 togamous flowers on short ascending peduncles. Meadows, Ont. and Vt. May. 



17. Viola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. (I. F. f. 2490.) Gla- 

 brous or with traces of pubescence ; rootstock stout, ascending or erect; leaves 

 with elongated petioles, the blades sagittate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, usually 

 acute, obscurely crenate-dentate above the middle, the auricles of the cordate or 

 truncate base commonly laciniately toothed or incised; flowers very dark purple, 

 rarely white; capsules 8-14 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect 

 peduncles. Wet meadows and marshes, Me. to Mich., Ga. and Tex. April-May. 



18. Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. Triangle-leaved Violet. (T. F. 

 App. f. 2490a.) Glabrous; leaves with elongated petioles; blades broadly ovate 

 or deltoid-triangular, merely dentate below the middle, or sometimes even deeply 

 cleft or incised, the base subcordate, somewhat decurrent; flowers bright blue or 

 purple, the oblong petals usually distinctly emarginate; capsules obscurely angled, 

 those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Fields and hillsides, N. 

 Y. to Va. April-May. 



19. Viola dentata Pursh. Upland Violet. Robust, from a stout branching 

 rootstock; leaves long-petioled, dark green, the blade glabrous or pubescent along 

 the veins, at first cordate-oblong, later oblong-triangular, 7-15 cm. long, the base 

 subcordate, decurrent upon the petiole, the apex acute or obtuse, the margins irreg- 

 ularly crenate-dentate, ciliate, sometimes incised below; scapes shorter than the 

 leaves; flowers deep purple, 1.5-2 cm. wide; capsules obscurely 3-angled, those 

 from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Dry rich soil in hilly regions, 

 Penn. to Va. May. 



20. Viola lancifblia Thore. European Lance-leaved Violet. Tufted, 

 glabrous, from a cluster of fibrous roots or a single thick root; leaves short-petioled, 

 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, 2-8 cm. long, tapering at base; 

 flowers 2.5-4 cm. wide, purple; spur large and blunt, half the length of the petals; 

 capsules small, those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Escaped 

 from cultivation and established, Washington, D.C. Adventive from Europe. 

 April-May. 



21. Viola coniuorens Greene. Maryland Violet. Nearly glabrous, densely 



