PYROLACEAE. 693 



thesis, opening by pores or short slits ; pollen-grains in 4's. Ovary 4-5- 

 celled ; style often declined ; stigma 5-lobed, or 5-crenate ; ovules numer- 

 ous, anatropous. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds numer- 

 ous, minute, the loose cellular coat much larger than the almost undiffer- 

 entiated embryo. Three genera and about 20 species, natives of the 

 northern hemisphere. 



Flowers racemose; leaves basal. 1. Pyrola. 

 Flowers solitary or corymbose; leaves opposite or whorled. 



Stem leafy at base; flower solitary; style long. 2. Moneses. 



Stem horizontal; branches erect, leafy; style very short. 3. CJmnaphila. 



1. PYROLA L 



Acaulescent or nearly so. Leaves basal, persistent (one northwestern species 

 leafless). Flowers white, yellowish, pink, or purple, racemose, on erect scapes. 

 Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave, sessile. Stamens 10, declined, or 

 straight and connivent; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers erect in the bud, emar- 

 ginate or 2-beaked at the base, mostly reversed at flowering, each sac opening by 

 a basal but apparently apical pore. Ovary 5 celled; stigma 5-lobed. Disk usually 

 obsolete, rarely present and 10-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 5-lobed, 5 -celled, loculi- 

 cidally 5-valved from the base, the valves cobwebby on the margins when opening, 

 the apex and base intruded. [Latin, diminutive of Pyrus, pear, from the similar 

 leaves.] About 15 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the follow- 

 ing, 3 others occur in western N. Am. 



Style and stamens declined (slightly so in No. 6). 

 Petals very obtuse; leaves rounded at the apex. 



Leaves rounded, truncate or narrowed at the base. 



Flowers white or greenish white; plants of dry woods. 



Calyx-lobes oblong or lanceolate; leaves shining. 1. P. rotundifolia. 

 Calyx-lobes ovate or triangular, short; leaves dull. 



Blades orbicular, coriaceous, mostly shorter than petioles. 



2. P. chlorantha. 

 Blades oval, membranous, longer than their petioles. 



3. P. elliptica. 

 Flowers pink or purple; bog plant. 4. P. uliginosa. 



Leaves reniform, cordate; flowers pink. 5. P. asarifolia. 



Petals and leaves acute, the latter small. 6. P. oxypetala. 

 Style straight ; stamens connivent. 



Style short; disk none; raceme regular. 7. P. minor. 



Style elongated; disk 10-lobed; flowers in a i-sided raceme. 8. P. secunda 



1. Pyrola rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Wintergreen. (I. F. f. 2726.) 

 Scape 1.5-5 dm. high, 6-20-flowered. Blades orbicular or oval, spreading, coria- 

 ceous, crenulate, 4-8 cm. long, often shorter than their petioles; flowers white, 

 noddirg. very fragrant, 14-18 mm. broad; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, mostly longer 

 than their bracts; calyx lobes about one third the length of the petals; capsule 

 4-6 mm. in diameter. In dry woods, N. S. to S. Dak., Ga. and Ohio. Also in 

 Europe. June-July. 



Pyrola rotundifolia pumila Hornem. Scape 7-15 cm. high; leaves seldom 2.5 cm. 

 long; calyx-lobes oblong, mostly obtuse. Greenland and Lab. to the N. W. Terr. 



2. Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Greenish flowered Wintergreen. (I. F. f. 

 2727.) Scape 1-3 dm. high, 3-10-flowered. Blades mostly obtuse at both ends, 

 obscurely crenulate, or entire, 1.2-2.5 cm. long; flowers nodding, slightly odorous, 

 greenish white. 10-14 mm. broad; pedicels 4-6 mm. long, mostly longer than their 

 bracts; calyx-lobes about one-fourth the length of the petals; anther-sacs short- 

 beaked; capsule about 6 mm. in diameter. In dry woods, Lab. to Br. Col., D. C, 

 111., Neb. and Colo. Also in Europe. June-July. 



3. Pyrola elliptica Nutt SHIN-LEAF. (I. F. f. 2728.) Scape 1-2.5 dm - 

 high, 7- 1 5 -flowered. Blades dark green, obtuse at the apex, plicate-crenulate 

 with very low teeth, 3-5-4-5 cm. long; flowers greenish white, nodding, 12-16 mm. 

 broad, very fragrant; calyx-lobes ovate triangular, acute or acuminate, about one- 

 fourth as long as the petals; anther-sacs scarcely beaked; capsule about 6 mm. in 



