706 FLOKA. 



petioled, the margins serrate with low bristle-tipped teeth, dark green and shining 

 above, pale beneath, 2.5-5 cni - l° n ^; flowers usually solitary in the axils, on 

 recurved peduncles 4-8 mm. long, 2-bracteolate under the calyx; corolla ovoid- 

 urceolate, white, 5-toothed, 4-6 mm. long; fruit depressed-globose, slightly 5-lobed, 

 bright red, 8-12 mm. in diameter, mealy, very spicy. In woods, Newf. to Mani- 

 toba, Ga. and Mich. June- Sept. 



19. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. 



Shrubs, some western species small trees. Leaves alternate, petioled, firm or 

 coriaceous, evergreen. Flowers small, nodding, pedicelled, white or pink, in ter- 

 minal clusters. Calyx 4-5-parted, persistent. Corolla 4-5 -lobed, the lobes recurved, 

 imbricated in the bud. Stamens 10, rarely 8, included; filaments short; anthers 

 short, erect, introrse, with 2 recurved awns on the back, the sacs opening by a 

 terminal pore. Disk 8-io-lobed. Ovary 4-10-celled ; ovules solitary in the 

 cavities; style slender. Fruit a drupe, with 4-10 seed-like nutlets coherent into 

 a solid stone. [Greek, bear-berry.] About 20 species, the following of the north- 

 ern hemisphere, the others of western N. Am. 



I. Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi (L.) Spreng. Red Bearberry. Kinniki- 

 NIC. (I. F. f. 2776.) Trailing or spreading, branches 1.5-6 dm. long, the twigs 

 puberulent. Leaves spatulate, obtuse, entire, glabrous or minutely puberulent 

 toward the base, 12-25 mm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, finely reticulate-veined; pet- 

 ioles about 2 mm. long; flowers few in short racemes; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; 

 corolla ovoid, constricted at the throat, white, about 4 mm. long; drupe globose, 

 red, glabrous, insipid, rather dry, 6-10 mm. in diameter, usually containing 5 

 coalescent nutlets. In dry, sandy or rocky soil, Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Penn., 111., 

 Neb., Colo, and Cal. Also in Europe and Asia. May-June. 



20. MAIRANIA Neck. 



A low shrub, with shreddy bark, alternate thin deciduous leaves clustered to- 

 ward the ends of the branches, and small white clustered pedicelled flowers. Calyx 

 4-5-parted. Corolla 4-5 -toothed, the short teeth spreading or recurved. Stamens 

 8 or 10, included; anther-sacs with 2 recurved dorsal awns. Ovary 4-5 celled; 

 ovules 1 in each cavity. Drupe globose, with 4 or 5 separate I -seeded nutlets. A 

 monotypic genus. 



1. Mairania alpina (L.) Desv. Alpine or Black Bearberry. (I. F. f. 

 2777.) Tufted or depressed-prostrate; branches 5-12 cm. high, the twigs glabrous 

 or nearly so. Leaves obovate, crenulate, conspicuously reticulate-veined, ciliate 

 at least when young, 12-25 mm. long, 6-X4 mm. wide; flowers few, appearing 

 from scaly buds before or with the leaves; corolla white, ovoid, constricted at the 

 throat; drupe black (or bright red. according to Macoun), juicy, 6-10 mm. in 

 diameter. Mountains of N. Eng. ; Quebec to Newf., Alaska and Br. Col. Also in 

 northern Europe and Asia. Summer. {Arctostaphylos alpina Spreng. J 



21. CALLUNA Salisb. 



A low evergreen shrub, with minute linear opposite imbricated leaves, and 

 small whiteor pink flowers, in terminal one-sided dense spike-like racemes. Sepals 

 4, scarious. obtuse, longer than and concealing the corolla. Corolla campanulate, 

 4-parted. slightly twisted, persistent. Stamens 8; filaments short ; anthers oblong, 

 attached to the filaments by their backs, opening by a longitudinal slit, each sac 

 with a dorsal reflexed appendage. Disk S-lobed. Ovary depressed-globose, 

 8-angled ; style slender. Capsule somewhat 4-sided, 4-cclled. 4-valved. few-seeded. 

 Seeds ovoid, pendulous, not winged. [Greek. 1 A monotypic genus. 



1. Calluna vulgaris (L.) Salisb. Ling. HEATHER, Moor. Besom. (I. F. 

 f. 2778.) Straggling, the branches ascending, 1-4 dm. high. Leaves sessile, 

 about I mm. long, imbricated in 4 rows, usually 2-auricled at the base, 3-angled, 

 grooved on the back; calyx with 4 bracts at the base; corolla about 3 mm. long. 

 Sandy or rocky soil, Newf.' to N. J. Nat. or adventive from Europe. July-Sept. 



