724 FLORA. 



superior, 2-cclled ; ovules few in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous; 

 style usually short or none. Fruit a capsule, samara, berry or drupe. 

 Endosperm fleshy, horny or wanting; embryo straight, rather large; 

 radicle usually short. About 21 genera and 500 species, of wide distri- 

 bution in temperate and tropical regions. 



Fruit a loculicidal capsule; leaves simple; flowers complete. 1. Syringa. 



Fruit a samara; leaves pinnate ; flowers mostly dioecious; corolla wanting. 



2. Fraxinus. 

 Fruit a drupe or berry; leaves simple. 



Flowers dioecious, mostly apetalous, from catkin-like scaly buds. 3. Adelia. 



Flowers complete, polypetalous, paniculate; petals linear. 4. Chionanthus. 



Flowers complete, gamopetalous, paniculate. 5. Ligustrum. 



1. SYRINGA L. 



Shrubs with opposite entire (rarely pinnatifid) leaves, and gamopetalous flow- 

 ers, in terminal panicles or thyrses. Calyx campanulate, mostly 4-toothed, per- 

 sistent. Corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, the limb 4-lobed, the lobes indup- 

 licate-valvate. Stamens 2, inserted near the summit of the corolla-tube. Ovary 

 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity, pendulous; style elongated; stigma 2-cleft. 

 Capsule narrowly oblong, somewhat compressed, coriaceous, loculicidally 2-valved 

 from above. Seeds pendulous, compressed, obliquely winged. [Greek, a pipe or 

 tube.] About 12 species, natives of Asia and eastern Europe. 



1. Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac. (I. F. f. 2837.) Glabrous, 3-8 m. high. 

 Leaves ovate, entire, deciduous, green on both sides, acuminate at the apex, trun- 

 cate or subcordate at the base, 5-13 cm. long; flowers lilr.c or white, very numer- 

 ous, 10-15 mm. long, in large terminal thyrses; ultimate pedicels short; capsule 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long. Escaped from gardens to roadsides, Me. and N. H. to N. Y. 

 and Penn. Native of eastern Europe. April-May. 



2. FRAXINUS L. (See Appendix.) - 

 Trees, with opposite, and in our species, odd-pinnate leaves, and small dioecious 

 or polygamous (rarely perfect) greenish fasciculate or racemose-fasciculate flowers, 

 appearing before or with the leaves from the axils of those of the previous season. 

 Calyx small, 4-cleft, irregularly toothed, entire or none. Stamens 2 (rarely 3 or 

 4). Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary, pendulous; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a flat 

 samara, usually i-seeded. Seed oblong, pendulous. [The ancient Latin name.] 

 About 40 species. Besides the following, some 7 others occur in the Southern 

 and Western States. 



Lateral leaflets stalked; calyx present in the fertile flowers. 



Body of the samara terete or nearly so, the wing chiefly terminal. 

 Wing almost entirely terminal. 



Foliage and twigs glabrous or nearly so. 1. F. Americana. 



Foliage and twigs pubescent. 2. F. Biltmoreana. 



Win£ manifestly extending down on the sides of the body. 

 Wing of samara spatulate. 



Foliage, twigs and pedicels glabrous or very nearly so. 



3. F. lanceolata. 

 Foliage, young twigs and pedicels velvety-pubescent. 



Samara 3-5 cm. long. 4. F. Pennsytvanica. 



Samara 5-7 cm. long. 5. F. profunda. 



Win^ of samara long linear. 6. F. Darlingtbnii. 



Body of the samara flat, the wing extending all around it. 



Twigs terete; leaflets 5-7; samara elliptic or spatulate. 7. F. Caroliniana. 

 Twigs 4-sided; leaflets 7-1 1 ; samara oblong or cuneate. 8. F. quadrangulata. 

 Lateral leaflets sessile; calyx none; samara winged all around. 9. F. //.-. 



I. Fraxinus Americana L. White Ash. (I. F. f. 2838.) Twigs, peti- 

 oles and rachis of the leaves glabrous; leaflets 5-9 (commonly 7), ovate, ovate- 

 lanceolate, oblong or rarely slightly obovate, entire or denticulate, pale or light 

 green and often pubescent beneath. 7-15 cm. long, acuminate or acute; flowers 

 dioecious (rarely momecious); samara 2-5 em. long, its body terete, not margined, 

 winged only from mar the summit, one-fourth to one-half the length of the wing. 

 In rich woods. N. S. to Minn., ll.i.. Kans. and Tex. April-June. 



