8 14 FLORA. 



6. SOLANUM L. 



Herbs or shrubs, often stellate pubescent, sometimes climbing. Flowers 

 cymose, umbellifbrm, paniculate, or racemose. Calyx campanulate or rotate, 

 mostly 5 -toothed or 5 -cleft. Corolla rotate, the- limb plaited, 5 -angled or 5-lobed, 

 the tube very short. Stamens inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments 

 slxut; anthers linear or oblong, acute or acuminate, connate or connivent into a 

 cone, each sac dehiscent by a terminal pore, or sometimes by a short introse 

 terminal slit, or sometimes also longitudinally. Ovary usually 2-celled; stigma 

 -mall. Berry mostl) globose, the calyx either persistent at its base or enclosing it. 

 [Name, according to Wittstein, from solamcn. qui< ling.] About 900 species, of 

 wide geographic distribution. Besides the following, some 15 others occur in the 

 southern and western U. S. 



* Glabrous or pubescent herbs, not prickly. 

 Plants green ; pubescence simple, or some of it stellate; flowers white. 



Leaves repand or entire: ripe berries black. 1. S. nigrum. 



Leaves deeply pinnatifid; ripe berries green. 2. S. triflorum. 



Plant silvery stellate-canescent; flowers violet. 4. S. elaeagnifolium. 



* * Stellate-pubescent and prickly herbs. 



Berry not enclosed by the calyx: perennials. 



Hirsute; leaves ovate or oblong, sinuate or pinnatifid. 3. S. Carolinense. 



Densely silvery- canescent; leaves linear or oblong, repand or entire. 



4. S. elaeagnifolium. 



Pubescent; leaves ovate, 5-7dobed. 5. S. Torreyi. 



Berry invested by the spiny calyx; annuals. 



Plant densely stellate-pubescent; corolla yellow. 6. S. rostratum. 



Plant glandular-pubescent, with few stellate hairs; corolla violet. 



7. S. heterodoxum. 



* * * Climbing vine, not prickly; leaves hastate or 3-lobed. 8. S. Dulcamara. 



1. Solanum nigrum L. Black or Garden Nightshade. (I. F. f. 3211.) 

 Annual, glabrous, or somewhat pubescent with simple hairs, 3-8 dm. high. 

 Leaves ovate, petioled. more or less inequilateral, 2-8 cm. long, thin, acute, acumi- 

 nate or acutish at the apex; peduncles lateral, umbellately 3-10-fiowered; pedicels 

 6-14 mm. long; flowers 8-10 mm. broad; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse, much shorter 

 than the corolla, persistent at the base of the berry; filaments somewhat pubes- 

 cent; anthers obtuse; berries glabrous, globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, on nodding 

 peduncles. In waste places or cultivated soil, N. S. to the N. W. Terr., Fla. and 

 Tex. Widely distributed as a weed. July-Oct. 



2. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Cut-leaved Nightshade. (I. F. f. 3212.) 

 Annual, sparingly pubescent with simple hairs, or glabrous, 3-9 dm. high. 

 Leaves acute, petioled, 5-10 cm. long, the lobes triangular-lanceolate, entire or 

 dentate, the sinuses rounded; peduncles lateral. 1-3-flowered; pedicels reflexed 

 in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, persistent at the base 

 of the berry; corolla 8-10 mm. broad; anthers obtuse; berries globose, glabrous. 

 about 10 mm. in diameter. On prairies and in waste places, western Ont. to the 

 N. W. Terr., Kans. and Ariz. May-Oct. 



3. Solanum Carolinense L. Horse-nettle. (I. F. f. 3213.) Stellate- 

 pubescent with 4 8-rayed hairs; stem erect, branched. 3-12 dm. high, armed with 

 straight subulate yellow prickles. Leaves oblong or ovate, repand, lobed, or pin- 

 natifid. 5 — 15 cm. long; flowers cymose-racemose ; pedicels 6-14 mm. long, re- 1 

 curved in fruit; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate, about one-half the length of the ^ 

 corolla, persistent at the base of the berry; corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; 

 anthers elongated; berries orange-yellow, glabrous. 1.5 2 cm. in diameter. In 

 dry fields and in waste places, Ont. to Mass., Ha., 111., Neb. and Tex. Mav- Sept. 



4. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silver-leaved Nightshade. (I. F. f. 



3214.) Perennial, finely stellate-pubescent, silvcry-canescent all over; stem 3- 

 (> dm. high, armed with sharp prickles, or these wanting. Leaves lanceolate, 

 Oblong, <t linear, petioled, 2- IO cm. long, mostly obtuse, repand-den'.ate or entire; 



dower* cyno 5 1 in. broad; peduncles short and stout; calyx-lobes lanceo- 



late or linear-lanceolate, acute; anthers linear; ovary white-tomentose; berries 



filed; 

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'r ova; 



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tally 1 



