SCROPHULARIA CEAE. 843 



Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending within the upper lip; anthers approximate in 

 pairs, their sacs transverse, equal, parallel, obtuse or rarely mucronate at the base. 

 Capsule compressed, oblique or curved, beaked, many-seeded, loculicidally dehis- 

 cent. Seeds reticulate, pitted, striate or ribbed. [Latin, pertaining to lice, long 

 supposed to breed lice in sheep that feed on these plants.] About 125 species, 

 mostly natives of the northern hemisphere. In addition to the following, some 25 

 others inhabit western N. Am. 



Beak of the galea conic, decurved, 2 mm. long. 1. P. Lapponica. 



Beak of the galea very short, or none. 



Annuals or biennials ; stems leafy, freely branching ; northern. 



Puberulent; upper leaves crenulate, lower pinnatifid. 2. P. euphrasioides. 



Glabrous or very nearly so; leaves all pinnatifid. 3. P. parviflora. 



Perennials; stems leafy, simple (rarely branched in No. 6). 



Corolla yellow, or the galea red; plants 1.5-9 dm. high; eastern species. 

 Leaves pinnately lobed; capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx. 



4. P. lanceolata. 

 Leaves pinnately parted; capsule lanceolate, 3 times as long as the calyx. 



5. P. Canadensis, 

 Lower leaves pinnately divided ; capsule ovate. 6. P. Furbishiae. 



Galea crimson or purple; plant 2.5-10 cm. high ; arctic. 7. P.flammea. 



Perennial ; stem scapose, or i-leaved ; flowers capitate ; arctic. 8, P. capitata, 



i. Pedicularis Lapponica L. Lapland Pedicularis. (I. F. f. 3331.) 

 Perennial, puberulent, leafy, 1-2 dm. high. Leaves sessile, or short-petioled, 

 alternate or the lowest opposite, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 

 1-4 cm. long, pinnately incised into numerous approximate oblong serrulate lobes; 

 flowers almost capitate, light yellow, 12-14 mm. long; calyx cleft on the lower 

 side, 2-toothed on the upper; galea erect, arched. In open places, Lab. and 

 Greenland to the Arctic Sea. Also in Arctic Europe and Asia. Summer. 



Pedicularis pedicellata Bunge, an Alaskan species is recorded by Bunge from Lab- 

 rador. It is distinguished from the above by its scapose stem, deeply pinnatifid leaves 

 and pedicellate lower flowers. 



2. Pedicularis euphrasioides Steph. Eyebright Pedicularis. (I. F. f. 

 3332.) Puberulent, 1.5-4 dm. high, the branches ascending. Lower leaves 

 petioled, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in outline, 5-10 cm. long, pinnatifid 

 into oblong obtuse crenate- dentate segments; upper leaves sessile, linear or linear- 

 oblong, smaller, crenulate ; flowers in a short terminal spike and solitary in the upper 

 axils; calyx cleft on the lower side, 2-3 -toothed on the upper, shorter than the 

 •corolla-tube; corolla yellow, or the galea purplish, about 12 mm. long; galea as 

 long as the tube, tipped with a very short truncate beak, minutely 2-toothed on 

 the lower side at the apex. Lab. to Greenland, the Arctic Sea, Alaska and Br. 



I Col. Also in northern Asia. Summer. 



3. Pedicularis parviflora J. E. Smith. Purple Pedicularis. (I. F. f. 

 13333- ) Glabrous, or the petiole-bases ciliate, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves 2-5 cm. 

 [long, alternate, or some of them opposite, oblong-lanceolate in outline, pinnatifid 

 jinto oblong crenate or incised segments; flowers in terminal rather loose spikes 



and solitary in the upper axils, 14-16 mm. long; calyx 2-cleft, the lobes with an 

 lincised crested border; corolla purple, its tube twice as long as the calyx, the lip 

 Imuch shorter, the galea arched at the top, not beaked, blunt, bearing a pair of 

 •minute teeth below its summit; capsule obliquely ovate, twice as long as the calyx. 

 jLab. to Alaska, Quebec, the N. W. Terr, and Ore. Summer. 



Pedicularis paliistris L., which differs from this in its larger flowers and apiculate 

 {galea, is reported from Newf. and Lab.; it is widely distributed in Europe and Asia. 



4. Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Swamp Lousewort. (I. F. f. 3334.) 

 ■abrous or nearly so, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves alternate and opposite, lanceolate, 

 lor linear-lanceolate, 5-13 cm. long, pinnately lobed, the lower petioled, the upper 



sessile, the lobes oblong, obtuse, short, crenate-dentate, the margins cartilaginous; 

 jUpikes short; calyx 2 -lobed, the lobes with foliaceous margins; corolla yellow, 

 ; ,1.5—2 cm. long, the galea arched, terminated by a very short truncate beak, the 

 Slower lip erect-ascending; capsule ovate, little exceeding the calyx. In swamps, 

 -Out. to Conn., Va., Manitoba, Minn., Ohio, Mich, and Neb. (according to Wil- 

 t |liams). Aug. -Oct. 



