RUBIACEAE. 867 



almost spherical, the groove obsolete. In woods, N. S. to Alaska, Fla., La., the 

 Ind. Terr., Colo, and Cal. Also in Europe and Asia. June-Aug. 



14. Galium latifolium Michx. Purple Bedstraw. (I. F. f. 3421.) 



Perennial, erect, smooth and glabrous, branched, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves in 4's, 

 lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminate, 2-5 cm. long, 8-16 mm. wide, the midrib some- 

 times pubescent beneath, the margins minutely roughened, the lower smaller and 

 sometimes opposite; peduncles slender, usually shorter than the leaves; flowers 

 purple; cymes loosely many -flowered, the pedicels slender, 4-12 mm. long, smooth 

 or nearly so; fruit smooth, slightly fleshy, 4 mm. broad, usually only one of the 

 carpels developing. In dry woods, Penn. to Tenn. and Ga. May-Aug. 



15. Galium Arkansanum A. Gray. Arkansas Bedstraw. (I. F. f. 

 3422.) Similar to the preceding, but usually lower, the leaves linear- lanceolate, 

 I-2.5 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, the lateral nerves obscure or none, the midrib 

 sometimes pubescent beneath, and the margins ciliate; fruiting pedicels roughish, 

 6-25 mm. long; flowers brown-purple, the numerous cymes loosely several-many- 

 flowered; fruit glabrous, warty, somewhat fleshy, each carpel 2-3 mm. in diameter. 

 Southern Mo. and Ark. June-July. 



16. Galium tinctdrium L. Stiff Marsh Bedstraw. Wild Madder. 

 (I. F. f. 3423.) Perennial; stem erect, 1.5-4 dm. high, rather stiff, branched al- 

 most to the base, the branches commonly solitary, strict; stem 4-angled, nearly 

 glabrous; leaves commonly in 4's, linear to lanceolate, I-2.5 cm. long, broadest 

 below the middle, obtuse, cuneate at the base, dark green and dull, 1 -nerved, the 

 margins and midrib roughish; flowers terminal, in clusters of 2 or 3; pedicels 

 slender, not much divaricate in fruit; corolla white, 2-3.5 mm - broad, 4-parted, its 

 lobes oblong, acute; disk large; fruit smooth; seed spherical, hollow, annular in 

 cross- section. Damp shady places, wet meadows and swamps, Can. to N. Car., 

 Tenn., Mich., Neb. and Ariz. May-July. 



Galium tinct&rium filifolium Wiegand. More slender than the type and often more 

 diffuse; leaves almost filiform, 2 mm. wide or less, not broader below the middle, strong- 

 ly cellular-papillose; inflorescence more open; pedicels slender; bracts minute; flowers in 

 2's or 3's; corolla larger. Sandy places in swamps, Va. to Fla. 



Galium tinctorium Labradoricum Wiegand. Low and strictly erect, 5-25 cm. high; 

 branches few, ascending, mostly from the upper nodes ; leaves small, 6-8 mm. long, linear, 

 reflexed ; flowers large. In sphagnous bogs, Conn., N. Y. and Wis. to Lab. 



17. Galium trifidum L. Small Bedstraw. Small Cleavers. (I. F. f. 

 3424.) Perennial, slender and weak; stem ascending, 4 dm. long or less, much 

 branched and intertangled ; stem sharply 4-angled, rough; branches commonly in 

 2's; leaves in 4's, linear- spatulate, 5-14 mm. long, obtuse, cuneate at the base, 

 i-nerved. dark green and dull, scarcely papillose, the margins and midrib retrorse- 

 scabrous; flowers small, on pedicels which are capillary and much longer than the 

 leaves, commonly two at each node, or three terminal; corolla very small, white, 

 0.5 mm. long, trifid. its lobes broadly oval, very obtuse; fruit glabrous; seed 

 spherical and hollow, annular in cross-section. Sphagnous bogs and cold swamps, 

 Me. to N. Y.. Ohio. Neb., Colo, and northward. Summer. 



18. Galium Claytoni Michx. Clayton's Bedstraw. (I. F. f. 3425.) 

 Perennial; stem diffuse when old, 1.5-6 dm. high; stem slender or sometimes quite 

 stout, sharply 4-angled, rough, the diffuse branches in 2's; leaves 8-16 mm. long, 

 commonly in 5's or 6's, linear-spatulate or spatulate-oblong, obtuse, cuneatelv nar- 

 rowed into a short petiole, rather firm in texture, scabrous on the margin and mid- 

 rib, dark green and dull above, discolored in drying: flowers in clusters of 2's or 

 3's. terminal, provided with 1 or 2 minute bracts; pedicels straight, in fruit kroner, 

 ly divaricate, glabrous and rather stout; corolla minute, white.' 3-parted. the lobes 

 broadly oval, obtuse; fruit glabrous; seed spherical and hollow, annular in cross- 

 section. Swamps. Mass. and N. Y. to Fla.. Mich., Mo. and Tex. May-July. 



19. Galium palustre L. Marsh Hedstraw. (I. F. f. ^426./ Perennial; 

 stem erect, slender, about 4 dm. high; internodes very long; short branches mostly 

 in 2's. Stem 4-angled. smooth or roughish; leaves in 2's to 6's. linear-elliptic to 

 spatulate, cuneate at the base, obtuse. 6-16 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, the rather 

 firm margins and the midrib slightly -cabrous: flowers numerous in terminal and 

 lateral cymes; bracteoles in the inflorescence minute; pedicels in flower ascending, 



