CUCURBITA CEA E. 8 8 1 



8-12 mm. long; leaves of the involucre linear, curved upward, as long as the head 

 or longer; scales of the receptacle ovate, tipped with a straight subulate barbed 

 awn, usually exceeding the flowers. In waste places, Me. and Ont. to Va., west 

 to Mich. Nat. from Europe. July-Sept. 



2. Dipsacus fulldnum L. Fuller's Teasel. (I. F. f. 3482.) Similar to 

 the preceding species. Leaves of the involucre, or some of them, shorter than the 

 heads, spreading or at length reflexed; scales of the receptacle with hooked tips, 

 about equalling the flowers, which are usually paler than in D. sylvestris. About 

 wool mills, Eastern and Middle States. Fugitive from Europe. 



2. SCABIOSA L. 



Herbs, with opposite leaves, no prickles, and blue, pink, or white flowers in 

 peduncled involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous. Scales of the 

 receptacle small, capillary, or none. Involucels 2-8-ribbed, the margins 4-toothed 

 or expanded. Calyx-limb 5-toothed. Limb of the corolla 4-5-cleft, oblique or 

 2-lipped. Stamens 4 (rarely 2). Stigma oblique or lateral. Achene adnate to 

 the involucel, crowned with the persistent calyx. [Latin, scale, from its repute as 

 a remedy for scaly eruptions.] About 100 species, natives of the Old World. 

 Leaves, or some of them, pinnatifid ; receptacle hairy, not scaly. 1. S. arvensis. 



Leaves entire, or toothed ; receptacle scaly. 2. S. australis. 



i. Scabiosa arvensis L. Field Scabious. (I. F. f. 3483.) Perennial, 

 pubescent, simple or little branched, 3-9 dm. high. Basal and lower leaves peti- 

 oled. lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire, lobed, or pinnatifid, 0.7-2 dm. long; 

 upper leaves sessile, often deeply pinnatifid; heads long-peduncled, depressed- 

 globose, 2.5-3.7 cm. broad; flowers lilac-purple, about 12 mm. long; receptacle 

 depressed-hemispheric; achene angled, crowned with the 8 or 10 linear-subulate 

 calyx-teeth. In cultivated fields and waste places, Mass., Vt., N. Y. and Penn. 

 Adventive from Europe. June-Sept. 



2. Scabiosa australis Wulf. Southern Scabious. (I. F. f. 3484- ) Per- 

 ennial, puberulent, at least above, slender, 4-9 dm. high. Basal leaves oblanceo- 

 late to oblong, mostly obtuse, 1-3 dm. long, the petiole often as long as the blade, 

 or longer; stem leaves distant, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire, or toothed, 

 short-petioled, or the upper sessile, acute or acuminate; heads of purple flowers 

 long-peduncled, rather less than 2.5 cm. in diameter, oblong-ovoid in fruit; bracts 

 of the involucre glabrous; receptacle scaly; achene crowned with 5 calyx-teeth. 

 Nat. from Europe in N. Y. and Mass. Summer. 



Scabiosa succisa L., similar to the preceding species, but with globose fruiting 

 heads and hirsute involucre, is reported from Cape Breton Island. 



Order 9. CAMPANULALES. 



Herbs, rarely shrubs, the corolla gamopetalous, or petals sometimes 

 separate in Cucurbitaceae. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes (fewer 

 in the Cucurbitaceae); anthers united except in Campanula and Specu- 

 laria of the Campanulaceae, in Ambrosiaceae, and in Kukni'a of the 

 Compositae. Ovary inferior. 

 Flowers not in involucrate heads; juice mostly milky. 



Endosperm none; flowers monoecious or dioecious; our species vines. 



Fam. 1, Cucurbitaceae. 

 Endosperm present, fleshy; flowers perfect. Fam. 2. Campanulaceae. 



Flowers in involucrate heads. 



Flowers all expanded into rays (ligulate) ; juice milky. Fam. 3. Cichoriaceae. 

 Flowers all tubular, or the outer expanded into rays; juice very rarely milky. 



Stamens distinct, or nearly so. Fam. 4. Ambrosiaceae. 



Stamens united by their anthers into a tube around the style (except in Kuhnia). 



Fam. 5. Compositae, 



Family 1. CUCURBITACEAE B. Juss. 



Gourd Fa ;/z ily . 

 Herbaceous vines, usually with tendrils. Leaves alternate, petioled, 

 generally palmately lobed or dissected. Flowers monoecious or dice- 



