890 



FLORA, 



white flowers in involucrate heads (anthodia). Bracts of the involucre in I to sev- 

 eral series. Receptacle of the bead flat <>r flattish, naked, scaly (paleaceous), 

 smooth, pitted, or honeycombed. Flowers all alike (heads homogamous), perfect, 

 Calyx-tube completely adnate to the ovary, its limb (pappus) of scales, or simple 

 or plumose bristles, or both, or wanting. Corolla gamopetalous, with a short or 

 long tube, and a strap-shaped (ligulatc) usually 5 -toothed limb (ray). Anthers 

 connate into a tube around the style, the sacs sagittate or auricled at the base, not 

 tailed, usually appendaged at the summit, the simple pollen-grains usually 12-sided. 

 Ovary [-celled; ovule 1, anatropous; style very slender, 2-cleft. or 2-lobed, the 

 lobes minutely papillose. Fruit an achene. Seed erect; endosperm none; radicle 

 irrower than the cotyledons. Alxnit 65 genera and 1400 species, of wide geo- 

 iphii distribution. The family is also known as LlGULIFLORAE, and is often 

 irded as a tribe of the CoMPOSITAE. 



* Pappus of scales, or of scales and bristles, or none (see No. 18^. 

 Flowers blue or white ; pappus of blunt scales. 1. Cichorium. 



1 lowers yellow. 



Bracts of the involucre membranous, or herbaceous. 



Pappus none; achenes 20-30-nerved. 2. Lapsana. 



Pappus none ; achenes 8-10-ribbed. 3, Serinea. 



Pappus of rounded scales, with or without an inner series of bristles. 



4. Adopogon. 

 Bracts of the involucre thickened and keeled after flowering ; pappus none. 



5. Arnoseris. 

 * * Pappus, at least some of it, of plumose bristles. 



Receptacle chaffy. 6. Hypockaeris. 



Receptacle naked. 



Plume-branches of the pappus not interwebbed. 



Flowers yellow ; plants scapose, the leaves basal. 7. Leontodon. 



Flowers yellow ; plants leafy-stemmed. 8. Picris. 



Flowers pink. 9. Ptiloria. 



Plume-branches of the pappus interwebbed. 10. Tragopogon. 



* * * Pappus of simple bristles (of soft white scales with or without bristles in No. 18.) 

 f Receptacle zvith a few deciduous bristles; flowers yellow, 



n. Malacothrix, 

 ft Receptacle naked. 



1. Achenes spinulose, or with short processes near the summit. 

 Heads few- (6-1 5-) flowered, yellow; stem branching. 12. Chondrilla. 



Heads many-flowered, yellow, solitary on scapes. 13. Taraxacum, 



2. Achenes smooth, or papillose, not spinulose toward the summit, 

 (a) Achenes flattened. 

 Achenes truncate, not beaked ; flowers yellow. 14. Sonckus, 



Achenes narrowed at the summit, or beaked ; flowers blue or yellow. 15, Lactuca. 



(b) Achenes cylindric, or prismatic. 

 Achenes terete, not narrowed at the base; flowers pink or purple. 



16. Lygodi 

 Achenes narrowed at the base, narrowed or beaked at the summit ; flowers yellow. 

 Achenes slender-beaked. 



Pappus-bristles not surrounded by a villous ring at base. 



Pappus of slender simple bristles. 17. Agoseris. 



Pappus of narrow soft scales, with or without some slender bristles. 



iS. Nothocalais. 

 Pappus-bristles surrounded by a villous white ring at base. 19. Sitilias. 



Achenes merely narrowed above, not beaked. 20. Crepis, 



Achenes narrowed at the base, otherwise columnar, truncate (except in two species of 

 ffieracium). 

 Flowers yellow, orange, or red. ax. Hieractum, 



Flowers white, cream-colored, or purple. 22. Nabalus. 



1. CICHORIUM L. 



Erect branching herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the stem and 

 branches usually very small and bract-like, and large heads of blue, purple, pink, or 



white flowers, peduncled, or in sessile clusters along the branches. Involucre of 



2 series of herbaceous bracts, theouter-omcwh.it spreading, tin- inner erect and 



Subtending, or partly enclosing, the outer achenes. Receptacle flat, naked, or 



slightly fimbrillate, Rays truncate and 5 -toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate 



