CICHORIACEAE. 893 



cylindric to campanulate. its bracts herbaceous, imbricated in several series, ap- 

 pressed, the outer smaller. Receptacle flat, chaffy. Anthers sagittate. Style- 

 branches slender, obtusish. Achenes oblong to linear, 10-ribbed, somewhat nar- 

 rowed below, contracted above into a long or short beak, or the outer truncate. 

 Pappus of 1 row of plumose bristles, sometimes with some shorter simple ones. 

 [Greek, for pigs, which are fond of its roots.] About 50 species, natives of Europe, 

 Asia, and S. Am. 



1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Long-rooted Cat's-ear. Gosmore. (I. F. f. 

 3521.) Perennial; stems several together, glabrous, slender, 3-6 dm. high, bracted, 

 or rarely simple, bearing a few scales. Leaves spreading on the ground, oblan- 

 ceolate to obovate in outline, pinnatifid-lobed to dentate, 5— 15 cm. long, hirsute on 

 both sides; involucre oblong-cylindric. about 25 mm. high, its bracts glabrous, or 

 sparingly pubescent; heads 25 mm. broad or more; achenes rough, all with very 

 slender beaks longer than the body ; flowers longer than the involucre. In waste 

 places, L. I. to N. J. Also in Cal. and Wash. Adventive or nat. from Europe. 

 Native also of Asia. May-Oct. 



Hypochaeris glabra L., the smooth Cat's-ear, a smaller species, with nearly or quite 

 glabrous leaves, flowers scarcely longer than the involucre, and the outer achenes trun- 

 cate, has been found as a waif in Me., and is nat. or adventive on the Pacific Coast. 



7. LEONTODON L. 



Perennial scapose herbs, with tufted basal mostly pinnatifid leaves, branched 

 and scaly, or simple and naked scapes, and large heads of yellow flowers, solitary 

 at the end of the scape or of its branches. Involucre ovoid or oblong, its principal 

 bracts in 1 or 2 series, nearly equal, with several series of short outer ones. Re- 

 ceptacle flat, fimbrillate, villous, or somewhat honeycombed. Rays truncate and 

 5 -toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. 

 Achenes oblong or linear, finely striate, contracted or beaked at the summit. Pap- 

 pus of 1 or 2 series of plumose persistent brownish bristles, somewhat broadened at 

 the base, or the outer scale-like and simple. [Greek, lion's tooth.] About 45 

 species, natives of the Old World. 

 Plant nearly glabrous; scape commonly branched; pappus-bristles all plumose. 



1. L. autumnale. 

 Plant somewhat hirsute; scape simple; outer pappus of outer achenes simple. 



2. L. nudicaulc. 



i. Leontodon autumnale L. Fall Dandelion. Autumnal Hawkbit. 

 Lion's-TOOTH. (I. F. f. 3522.) Scape slender, usually branched and scaly, 

 1.5-6 dm. high. Leaves narrowly oblong to linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid into nar- 

 row lobes, or some of them coarsely dentate. 7-20 cm. long. 6-25 mm. wide, acumi- 

 nate at the apex, short-petioled ; heads several, rarely solitary, about 25-30 mm. 

 broad: involucre oblong, glabrous or slightly pubescent. In fields and along road- 

 sides, Newf. and Ont. to N. J., Penn. and Ohio. Nat. from Europe. Native also 

 of Asia. June-Nov. 



2. Leontodon nudicaule (L.) Porter. Rough or Hairy Hawkbit. (I. F. f. 

 3523.) Scape simple, slender, 1-3 dm. high, minutely scaly, or naked. Leaves 

 linear-oblong to narrowly spatulate, acute or obtuse, not acuminate, nearly entire, 

 coarsely sinuate-dentate or sometimes pinnatifid. 5-12 cm. long, 6-16 mm. wide, 

 narrowed into petioles; head solitary at the end of the scape. 1-2 cm. broad; invo- 

 lucre canescent or pubescent; outer achenes with an outer pappus of simple nar- 

 row scales and an inner one of plumose bristles. In ballast and waste places about 

 the eastern seaports. Also at Seidersville, Penn., and on Vancouver Island. Ad- 

 ventive from Europe. June-Oct 



8. PICRIS L. 



Erect hispid, mostly branching, leafy herbs, with alternate leaves (in our spe- 

 cies), and rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. 

 Involucre campanulate or cup-shaped, its principal bracts in one series, nearly 

 equal, with 2-3 series of small or large exterior spreading ones. Receptacle flat, 

 short-fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5 -toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at 

 the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes linear or oblong, somewhat incurved, 

 terete or angled, 5-10-ribbed and transversely wrinkled, narrowed at the base and 



