894 FLORA. 



summit, or beaked in some species. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of slender plumose 

 bristles. [Greek, bitter.] About 35 species, natives of the Old World, one per 

 haps indigenous in Alaska. 



Outer involucral bracts linear; achenes not beaked. 1. P. hieracioides 



Outer involucral bracts ovate, foliaceous ; achenes short-beaked. 2. P. echioides. 



i. Picris hieracioides L. Hawkweed Picris. (I. F. f. 3524.) Biennial 

 more or less hispid, much branched, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong 

 lanceolate, dentate, or nearly entire, the basal narrowed into petioles, a'cute, oftei 

 15 cm. long, those of the stem mostly sessile and smaller; heads numerous, 1-2.5 cm 

 broad; involucre 8-12 mm. high, its outer bracts linear, subulate, spreading, th< 

 inner linear-lanceolate, acuminate; pappus copious, nearly white. In wast< 

 places, 111., Penn., N. J., and in ballast about the seaports. Adventive fron 

 Europe. Nat. also of Asia. Very bitter. June-Sept. 



2. Picris echioides L. Bristly Ox-tongue. Bugloss and Bugloss Pic 

 rls. (I. F. f. 3525.) Annual or biennial, branched, hispid; stem about 7 dm 

 high. Basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse, repand-dentate, 5-15 cm 

 long, narrowed into petioles ; upper leaves sessile and clasping, oblong or lanceo 

 late, smaller, the uppermost mainly acute and entire; heads numerous, short-ped 

 uncled, about 12 mm. broad; outer bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, foliaceous 

 ovate, acute, hispid-ciliate, the inner ones lanceolate, membranous. In wast 

 places, N. S. and Ont., and in ballast about the seaports. Fugitive from Europe 

 July-Sept. 



9. PTILORIA Raf. [STEPHANOMERIA Nutt.] 



Annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, often glaucous herbs, with erect, simpl 

 or branched, usually rigid stems, alternate or basal, entire dentate or runcinate 

 pinnatifid leaves, those of the stem and branches often reduced to subulate scales 

 and small erect heads of pink flowers, paniculate, or solitary at the ends of th 

 branches, opening in the morning. Involucre cylindric or oblong, its principa 

 bracts few, equal, scarious-margined, slightly united at the base, with numerou 

 short exterior ones and sometimes a few of intermediate length. Receptacle flat 

 naked. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblon: 

 or linear, terete or columnar, 5 -ribbed, truncate or beaked at the summit, the rib 

 smooth or rugose. Pappus of 1 series of rather rigid plumose bristles. [Greek 

 referring to the feathery pappus.] About 16 species, natives of western and cen 

 tral N. Am. 



Pappus brownish, plumose except at the base. 1. P. pauciflora 



Pappus white, plumose to the base. 2. P. ramosa. 



1. Ptiloria pauciflora (Torr.) Raf. Brown-plumed Ptiloria. (I. F. \ 

 3526.) Perennial; stem rather stout, striate, rigid, divergently branched, 3-6 dm 

 high. Basal and lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid. 3-6 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide 

 the upper all short and narrowly linear or reduced to scales; heads somewha 

 racemose-paniculate along the branches, usually about 5-flowered; involucr 

 8- 10 mm. high; rays 2-4 mm. long; pappus brownish, plumose to near the base 

 Plains, Neb. (?), Kans. and Wyo. to Tex. and Cal. Summer. 



2. Ptiloria ramosa Rydb. White-plumed Ptiloria. (I. F. f. 3527. 

 Similar to the preceding species, but commonly lower, bushy-branched. Basr 

 leaves runcinate-pinnatifid. those of the stem linear, entire, or sometimes runcinatt 

 dentate, the uppermost reduced to small scales; heads numerous, usually solitar 

 at the ends of the branchlets; pappus bright white, very plumose to the bast 

 Plains and dry, rocky soil, western Neb. to Mont, and Colo. May-Aug. It he 

 been confused with /'. temdfolia (Torr. ) Raf. 



10. TRAGOPOGON L. 



Biennial or perennial, erect, usually branched, somewhat succulent herbs, wit 

 slender fleshy tap roots, alternate entire linear-lanceolate long-acuminate leave: 

 clasping a1 the base, and long-peduncled large heads of yellow or purple flowel 

 opening in the early morning, usually closed In- noon. Involucre cylindric i 

 narrowly campanulate, it- bracts in 1 s 'ries, nearly equal, acuminate, united 

 the base. Rays truncate and 5 -toothed at the apex. Anther- sagittate at the bas< 



