CICHORIA CEA £. 89 5 



Style-branches slender. Achenes linear, terete, or 5 -angled, 5-10-ribbed, termin- 

 ated by slender beaks, or the outermost beakless. Pappus-bristles in 1 series, 

 plumose, connate at the base, the plume-branches interwebbed. [Greek, goats- 

 beard.] About 35 species, natives of the Old World. 



Flowers yellow; involucral bracts equalling or shorter than the rays. 1. T. pratensis. 

 Flowers purple; involucral bracts much longer than the rays. 2. T. porri/olius. 



1. Tragopogon pratensis L. Yellow Goat's-beard. Meadow Salsify. 

 (I. F, f. 3528.) Stem branched, 4-9 dm. high. Leaves keeled, tapering from the 

 broad, more or less clasping base to a very long acuminate tip, the lower some- 

 times 25 cm. long and 25 mm. wide; peduncles thickened at the top; heads 3-6 cm. 

 broad; bracts of the involucre about 8, lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or 

 equalling (rarely exceeding) the yellow rays; marginal achenes striate, smooth or 

 roughened. In fields and waste places, N. B. to N. J., Ont., Ohio and Manitoba. 

 Nat. from Europe. June-Oct. 



2. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Oyster Plant. Salsify. Purple Goat's- 

 beard. (I. F. f. 3529.) Taller, sometimes 1.5 m. high. Peduncles very much 

 thickened and hollow for 3-7 cm. below the heads; heads 5-10 cm. broad, 

 very showy; bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, usually much 

 longer than the purple rays; achenes sometimes 5 cm. long, the outer ones cov- 

 ered with scale-like tubercles, especially on the ribs below. In fields and waste 

 places. Ont. to N.J., N. Car., Minn, and Colo., mostly escaped from gardens, where 

 it is common. Native of Europe. June-Oct. 



11. MALACOTHRIX DC. 



Annual or perennial, branching or scapose herbs, with alternate or basal, mostly 

 pinnatifid leaves, and long-peduncled panicled or solitary heads of yellow or rarely 

 white flowers. Involucre campanulate, its principal bracts in 1 or 2 series, equal 

 or nearly so. with several series of shorter exterior ones. Receptacle flat, naked 

 or bristly. Rays truncate and 5 -toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the 

 base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or linear, glabrous, 10-15-ribbed, 

 4 or 5 of the ribs usually more prominent than the others, truncate, or margined 

 and 4-5-toothed at the summit. Pappus-bristles in 2 series, the inner naked or 

 minutely serrulate, slender, coherent at the base and deciduous in a ring, the outer 

 few ( 1-8), more persistent, or all deciduous in our species. [Greek, soft-hair, in 

 allusion to the soft pappus.] About 15 species, natives of the western and south- 

 western U. S. and lower Cal. 



1. Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) T. & G. Malacothrix. (I. F. f. 

 3530.) Annual, glabrous throughout, or slightly glandular; stem branched, 

 15-30 cm. high. Leaves somewhat fleshy, oblong or linear-oblong in outline, pin- 

 natifid and the lobes dentate with mucronate-pointed teeth, the basal ones 4-7 cm. 

 long, narrowed into short broad petioles, those of the stem smaller, sessile; heads 

 several or numerous, 16-25 mm. broad; principal bracts of the involucre linear, 

 acute, scarious-margined. the outer short, oblong; achenes linear-oblong, margined 

 at the summit by a 15-denticulate white border; pappus-bristles all deciduous. On 

 dry plains, western Neb. and Kans. to Cal. and N. Alex. May-Aug. 



12. CHONDRILLA L. 



Perennial herbs, with stiff divaricately branched stems, the basal leaves large and 

 mostly pinnatifid. those of the stem small, narrow, alternate, and few middle sized 

 heads of yellow flowers mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre 

 cylindric. several-flowered, its inner bracts in I or 2 series, nearly equal, with sev- 

 eral series of small or minute outer ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate 

 and 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slen- 

 der. Achenes oblong or linear. 4-5-angled, many-ribbed, more or less spiny near 

 the summit, abruptly contracted into a beak. Pappus of copious soft white simple 

 bristles. [Greek, lump, from the gummy matter borne on the stems of some spe- 

 pes.] About 18 species, of the Old World. 



1. Chondrilla juncea L. Gi m Siccory. (I. F. f. 3531.) Stem rush-like, 

 hirsute at the base, glabrous alcove, much branched, 3-9 dm. high. Basal leaves 

 runcinate-pinnatifid, those of the stem linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, dentate or 



