COMPOSITAE. 919 



4. Vernonia glauca (L.) Britton. Broad- leaved Iron-weed. (I. F. f. 

 3604.) Slender, glabrous or finely puberulent, 6-15 dm. high. Leaves thin, the 

 lower broadly oval or slightly obovate, sharply serrate, acute or acaminate, 10-17 

 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the upper narrower and more finely toothed; inflorescence 

 loosely branched; heads 10-20- flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-7 mm. broad; 

 bracts ovate, acute, or mucronate, or the upper ones obtuse; achenes minutely his- 

 pidulous. In woods, l'enn. and Md. to Ohio, south to Fla. and La. Aug.-Sept. 



5. Vernonia maxima Small. Tall Iron- weed. (I. F. f. 3605.) Glabrous 

 or nearly so, 1.5-3 m. high. Leaves thin, lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, 

 usually long- acuminate, finely serrate, 1-3 dm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, usually gla- 

 brous on both surfaces; inflorescence at length loosely branched and open; involucre 

 campanulate, rounded at the base, 4-5 mm. broad, 15-30-flcwered; bracts obtuse 

 or mucronate, more or less ciliate; achenes slightly hispidulous; pappus purple. 

 In moi^t soil. Penn. to Ala., Mo., Ky. and La. July-Sept. \V. gigantea 

 (Walt.) Britton. in part.] 



Vernonia maxima pubescens E. L. Morris. Mostly over 3 m. tall, pubescent, 

 especially on the lower surfaces of the leaves, the peduncles bracted below the heads. 

 W. Va. 



6. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Western Iron-weed. (I. F. f. 3606.) 

 Glabrous, or puberulent above, 6- 12 dm. high. Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear- 

 lanceolate, long-acuminate, 7-15 cm. long, 4-30 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so 

 on both surfaces; inflorescence usually compact; heads short-peduncled, or some 

 of them sessile; involucre campanulate, 4-6 mm. broad, 20-30- flowered; bracts 

 ovate or oval, acute, ciliate. or sometimes pubescent; achenes glabrous, or a little 

 pubescent. In moist soil or on prairies, Ohio to Minn, and N. Dak., south to Ky. 

 and Tex. July -Sept. 



7. Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw. Drummond's Iron-weed. (I. F. 

 f. 3607.) Stout, densely tomentose, 9-21 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly 

 oblong, acuminate, finely serrate, 7-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, scabrous above, 

 densely pubescent beneath; heads short-peduncled; involucre hemispheric or short- 

 cylindric, 15-50 flowered; bracts purplish, ovate, acute, or mucronate, more or less 

 floccose-pubescent or ciliate; achenes glabrous. Prairies, 111. and Ky. to Mo., Ala. 

 and Tex. Autumn. 



8. Vernonia interior Small. Inland Iron-weed. Stem 1-2 m. tall, leafy. 

 Leaves lanceolate to elliptic -lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, acuminate, finely and sharply 

 serrate; involucre 4-7 mm. high, its bracts pubescent, acute or acuminate, the 

 tips erect or slightly spreading; achenes pubescent; pappus purple. Prairies and 

 plains. Mo. to Kans. and Tex. Autumn. 



9. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) Britton. James' Iron-weed. (I. F. 

 f. 3608.) Glabrous or very nearly so, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves minutely denticulate, 

 i-nerved, firm, punctate, 5-12 cm. long, 3-9 mm. wide, acuminate; inflorescence 

 rather loose; involucre campanulate or turbinate, 15-30-flowered, 8-12 mm. broad; 

 bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, to short-acuminate, purplish, somewhat 

 pubescent, appressed; achenes nearly glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. Prairies, 

 Neb. to Tex. and N. Mex. Autumn. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS L. 

 Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined 

 leaves, and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in 

 branching corymb?. Heads discoid, 2-5 flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, 

 its chaffv bracts imbricated in about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of 

 the glomerules lar< s 'e. foliaceous. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regu- 

 lar, 5-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner side. Achenes 10-ribbed, truncate. 

 Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in 1 or 2 rows. [Greek, ivory, 

 or Elephant's-foot.] About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. 

 Besides the following another occurs in the southern U. S. 



Stem and branches usually leafy. 1. E. Carolinianus. 



Stem scapiform, naked, or with 1 or 2 leaves. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 1.8-5 cm - wide; heads 8 mm. long. 



2. E. nudatus. 

 Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 5-10 cm. wide; heads 12 mm. lon^. 



3. /:". totnentosus. 



