CONTENTS. Xi 
CHAPTER XII. 
CAPABILITIES OF THE REGION WITH REFERENCE TO 
SETTLEMENT .—( Continued.) 

Causes DgTERRENT TO SETTLEMENT AND AGRICULTURE.—Future of the North-west—Cli- 
mate—Wintering of stock—Difficulty of access—Inroaps OF THE GRASSHOPPER 
—Origin of the insect—Its range—The young and winged swarms—Its 
flight—Years when it has appeared in Manitoba—Means of prevention—Tue 
Suppty or Woop 1n THE Nortu-west—The plains never entirely wooded— 
Causes tending to destruction of forest—Causes of treelessness of prairie— 
Dryness of soil and atmosphere—Causes of drought—Causes of greater rain- 
fall on wooded areas—Facts tending to show progressive desiccation in 
the. west—Similar drought brought on elsewhere by destruction of forest 
—Amelioration of climate by planting forest— Treeless area of the continent 
—Normal area of country which should be in forest—Successful growth of 
trees in the west— Scheme for the planting and preservation of trees, p. 301. 
APPENDIX. 
(A)—WNote on the Plants, collected by Mr. G. M. asaya eee the Lignite Tertiary 
Deposits, near the Forty-ninth Parallel - - - - - - = = - 827 
(B)—Report on the Vertebrate Fossils from the Fort Union Group of Milk River - - 333 
(C)—Lake of the Woods—Table showing the nature and distances of the dykes and veins 
I Co ee) et ee oe = | 8 BBO 
(D)—WNotice of the Butterflies and Orthoptera, collected by Mr. G. M, Dawson, as 
Naturalist of the B. N. A. Boundary Commission - - - - - - - - 341 
(E)—Land and Fresh-water Molluscs, collected during the summers of 1873-74, in the 
one of the For ty- meet Parallel—Lake of the We pea to we Rocky Mountains. 
oS ee ee - - + - 9347 
(F)—List of Plants collected during the summers of 1873-74, in the vicinity of ei Forty- 
ninth Parallel—Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains - - - - 351 


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