CHART iis wis: 
STRUCTURE OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS IN THE VICINITY OF 
THE FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL. 
GENERAL FEATURES, -— Intersection of the Mountains and Forty-ninth Parallel — 
General Geological Structure—Rocks IN THE VICINITY OF WATERTON LAKE 
—Series A.—Series B.—Series C.—Rocks IN THE KooTANIE Pass—Sub- 
divisions of Series C.—East Fork—Rocks west of East Fork—The Water- 
shed—West Fork—Rocks exposed in Mt. Yarrell—Rocks NEAR THE Boun- 
DARY MonuMENT—Series H.—Section of Series F. and G.—EAsTERN FRONT oF 
THE WATERSHED RANGE, Mt. WILSON AND CHIEF MountTAIN—REVIEW OF 
THE SECTION—COMPARISON OF THE ROCKS WITH THOSE OF OTHER LOCALITIES 
—Rocks described to the North—Rocks described to the South—Limestones 
like those of Series B. and D.—Underlying beds—Upper red beds —General 
conclusions—Period of elevation of the Mountains. 
General Features. 
113. The eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains in the vicinity of 
the forty-ninth parallel, have not heretofore been geologically examined. 
The explorers of the Western Territories of the United States, have not 
yet penetrated so far to the north in this region; and Dr. Hector’s 
observations do not extend southward in the range, beyond about latitude 
50° 30’. Lieutenant Blackiston, originally attached to Captain Palliser’s 
expedition, crossed the mountains by the South Kootanie, or Boundary 
Pass, and gives a map and profile of it in his Report to the Imperial 
Government,* but has not furnished any geological notes. | 
114. The eastern ranges, where the forty-ninth parallel intersects 
them, seem to be retreating north-westward, in a step-like manner, or 
en échelon; the line formed by the base of the mountains as a whole, not 
coinciding in direction with that of the component ridges. <A similar 
structure appears to occur frequently both to the south and north of the 
region now in question. Chief, or Chief's Mountain, which on Palliser’s 
map is placed on the Boundary-line, was found to be about four miles to. 
the south of it. The Line, however, strikes into the hills and abrupt 
ridges surrounding its base; and then crossing the narrow valley of the 
South Fork of the Belly River, passes over the Mt. Wilson Range, of 
* Further Papers Relative to the Exploration under Capt. Palliser, &c., 1860. 

