
eR ee 
ROCKY MOUNTAINS—WATERTON LAKE. 57 
Blackiston, and next intersects Waterton or Chief Mountain Lake, 
which lies at the foot of the principal range. The Line thus runs for 
about fourteen miles through an outlying mountainous country, which, 
by a detour of a few miles to the north, may be entirely avoided, and 
waggons brought to the north end of Waterton Lake without difficulty. 
115. The general structure of the main, or water-shed range, is very 
simple, and so far as I have been able to examine it, appears to be very 
constant ; though often complicated by smaller superposed flexures and 
faults, which from the very clearness with which they are shown, in the 
sides of the bare rocky peaks, are apt at times to lead to confusion. The 
width of the range is about twenty miles, and the height of its highest 
summits in this latitude is not over about 10,000 feet. The rocks of the 
eastern and western borders are found to dip inward toward the water-shed 
line, and generally do not lie at very high angles; while the central 
mountains frequently show rocks not far from horizontal, or affected by 
local and irregular dips, and often exhibit some of the highest beds 
of the series. When these latter beds appear in the central region, 
they may form a part of the general synclinal of the range; but when 
older rocks are found, they are probably separated by faulting from those 
of the edges, as appears to be the case in the South Kootanie Pass. In 
the outer ridges of the range, the highest peaks usually occur, and 
the attitude of the rocks determines to a great extent the forms of the 
mountains, which generally have their steep sides facing outward, 
and resemble waves curling over to break to the east and west, their 
inner sides sloping more gently along the dip of the beds. (Sect. 4.) 
Rocks in the Vicinity of Waterton Lake. 
116. Disregarding for the present the eastern outlying ranges, I shall 
describe the rocks seen in the vicinity of Waterton or Chief Mountain 
Lake, which include the lowest observed in any part of the region. The 
lower beds are brought up by an irregular anticlinal fold, which crosses 
the lake near its northern end, with a north-west and south-east direction. 
They consist of a series of impure dolomites, and an overlying limestone, 
which I did not elsewhere find exposed, but which are here well shown 
on both sides of the lake. 
117. The dolomites, which for convenience of reference I shall call 
Series A., present a very remarkable appearance in the bare mountain 
sides from the peculiarity of the tints assumed by them on weathering, 
which are for the most part bright reddish, and yellowish browns; and 
\ 
ee eee 
a 
A ee RR RE tte it ay eta 
