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CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY ROCKS OF THE VICINITY OF THE 
FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL—PEMBINA ESCARPMENT TO 
WOOD MOUNTAIN. 
’ 
43 
Cretaceous Rocxs.—Pembina Escarpment—Niobrara group—Fossils of the Boyne 
River—Pembina Mountain group—Rocks near the Boundary-line—Sections in 
Pembina River—-Sections in Long River—Thickness of beds exposed-—Litho- 
logical character—LicNiTrE TERTIARY Rocks oN THE Souris RrvER—Drift- 
covered region—La Roche Percée—NSection on Short Creek—Sections west of 
Short Creek—Sections near Wood End—Gap IN THE SECTION ON THE 
BouNDARY-LINE—LIGNITE TERTIARY. Rocks’oF GREAT VALLEY AND PyRAMID 
CrEEK—Sections on Great Valley—Sections on Pyramid Creek—Li@nitrE 
Tertiary Rocks on PorcuPINE CREEK—Kighteen-foot lignite bed—LiegniTE 
TERTIARY Rocks ON THE TRADERS’ Roan. 
| Cretaceous Rocks of Pembina Escarpment, Pembina River, and 
Long River. 
177. On leaving the Lake of the Woods, and proceeding westward, 
the face of the country is found to be thickly covered with drift and 
alluvial deposits. The Silurian limestones, which probably exist at no 
very great depth, are not observed, and the first rocks seen are those of 
the Cretaceous formation, along the base of the escarpment known as 
Pembina Mountain, which bounds the Red River Valley to the west. 
From this point westward to the base of the Rocky Mountains, no 
rocks older than the Cretaceous are found. The beds of this series are 
seldom well exposed in the eastern part of the prairie region lying 
north of the forty-ninth parallel, and the information acquired concerning 
them by the few previous explorers has, in consequence, been fragment- 
ary and inconclusive, though great areas of country have been traversed. 
178. About twenty-five miles north of the Line, where the Boyne 
River cuts through the Pembina Escarpment, beds occur clearly 
referable to the 3rd or Niobrara division of Meek and Hayden’s Upper 
Missouri section. (§ 33.) Though unable to visit this very interesting 
locality, I have received specimens of the rocks, through the kindness of 
Mr. A. L. Russell, which exactly resemble those coming from the 
Niobrara division in Nebraska, both lithologically and in the nature of 
. the included organic remains, 
— ¥ 
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