
CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARY—PORCUPINE CREEK. 99 
FEET. IN 
EU acre ciavacldigies yin <0 .c'sia tis “cieel Mages Saie.e © scab a 
Te) LI RIND  e bc dk es aca BS DAA RE on ont AN 1 6 
3. Yellowish and grey sandy clays, well stratified, but some- 
ERLE dl aS ya Oe ati Cady Ge oak gat ene. a 
PT Dara. Bh oti 61k caps tdi ied «dd dima t ST hebaek lo 0. 9 
5. Banded clays, yellowish, grey and purple, with well- 
preserved remains of plants, and in some layers much 
crystalline ZyPSUM ..... 6... 2 ee ee ees e eee cele ties 5 0 
6. Lignite, weathering soft, some layers laminated, others 
‘rotten and brownish; forms a steep. slope...) sinai%. - 10 0 
7. Lignite, hard, compact, horizontally laminated, but also 
breaking into large cubical blocks along vertical planes 8 0 
8. Soft grey sandstone much jointed, and breaking out in 
pieces bounded by plane faces, some vertical and others 
oblique ; holds root-like remains and gives issue to 
SEINE erste co ata xd.c.s 25s eae es oa 5 0 
40 3 

Though undulating a little, the strata have no true dip, and are as 
nearly as possible horizontal on the large scale. 
239. The lower part of the lignite bed is very compact and tough 
under the pick, and holds in some layers many drops of amber. The 
jointage planes form a conspicuous feature, and were not noticed in any- 
thing like the same perfection, in other lignite beds examined. They 
cause the coal to break off in large cubical pieces which lie in the stream 
at its base. Some of them show thin seams of white gypsum, and in one 
case a thin film of iron pyrites was detected, being the first eppeemnes 
of this mineral in connection with these lignite deposits. 
240. This section also exhibits the first instance of dislocation, ob- 
served to effect the Lignite Tertiary formation. The eighteen-foot lignite 
and associated strata, are seen to have been brought to their present 
position by a downthrow fault, on the other side of which their place is 
taken by underlying sandy clays. (Plate V., Fig. 3.) 
241. The southern side of the valley, opposite this great lignite bed, 
is broken down, and forms a gentle though irregular slope, which is 
encumbered by many large, strangely shaped and coloured blocks of 
stone, much harder than any rocks occurring in the neighbourhood, 
and in pieces larger than the erratics found in the region. They 
proved on inspection to consist of masses of beds such as those associated 
with the lignite, but indurated by its combustion, which has also caused 
the interruption in the edge of the valley. About a fourth of a mile 
east on the same valley the great lignite is again exposed, and apparently 
in much the same development and association. 
242. The plants in layer 5, are in a beautiful state of preservation, and 
when the clay is first split open, show every vein-mark in perfection, not 
