
7 
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CHAPTER VI. 
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT AND EXTENT OF THE CRETACEOUS AND 
LIGNITE TERTIARY FORMATIONS. 
Cretaceous No. 1.—Typical series—Representatives westward—Dr. Hector’s Group 
E—Lignites in Lower Cretaceous Rocks—Lignite from Rainy River.—CrRE- 
TACEOUS No. 2.—Typical series—Representatives westward—Beds of this age 
on the Saskatchewan—Dr. Hector’s Group D.—Creracrovs No. 3.—Typical 
series—Representatives westward—Representatives in Manitoba.—CRETACE- 
ous No. 4.—Typical series—Pembina Mountain Group—Representatives on 
the Line westward—Effect of this Formation on the country—Modifying 
effect of Drift—Saline springs—Prof. Hind’s Section—Dr. Hector’s Groups 
B and C.—Creraceous No. 5.—Typical series—Representatives on the Line 
—Prof. Hind’s Section.—DisrrisuTION oF CRETACEOUS SUBDIVISIONS—LiG@- 
NITE TERTIARY FoRMATION.—Relation of beds on the Line—Eastern limit of 
the Formation—Western Representatives—Persistent zone of Sandstones— 
Resemblance of western series to Judith River beds—Tertiary Beds observed 
by Dr. Hector. 

Cretaceous No. 1—Dakota Group. 
335. The beds representing the Dakota, or lowest Cretaceous division, 
in the typical Missouri River sections, are described as being “ yellowish, 
reddish, and occasionally white sandstones, with, at places, alternations 
of various coloured clays, and beds and seams of impure lignite; also 
silicified wood, and great numbers of leaves of the higher types of 
dicotyledonous trees,” with “casts of shells referable to the genera 
Pharella, Axinea, Mactra, and Cyprina,’ * and Unio Nebrascensis. This 
description refers to the eastern outcrop of the formation, and where the 
Cretaceous rocks are again exposed beyond the western margin of the 
Tertiary basin, and along the base of the Rocky Mountains, the whole 
Dakota group appears to be represented by a series of alternating clays 
and sandstones. Dr. Hayden says of the western representatives of 
this group:—“ Along the margins of the mountain elevations, I have 
never been able to discover a single specimen of organic remains that 
would establish the age of the rocks. I only know that there is a series 
of beds of remarkable persistency, all along the margin of the mountain 
ranges, holding a position between well-defined Cretaceous No. 2 and 
Jurassic beds, and in my previous reports, I have called them transition 

* Geological Report Yellowstone and Missouri Expedition. 

