
CAPABILITIES WITH REFERENCE TO SETTLEMENT. 281 
April 20th to 25th. 
Mergus cucullatus—Hooded a a 
Spatula clypeata—Shoveller Duck. 
Bucephala albeola—Buffle-headed Duck. 
Dendreca coronata—Yellow-crowned Warbler. 
7 
April 25th to 30th. 
Fulica Americana—Coot. 
Grus Canadensis—Sand-hill Crane. 
Dafila acuta—Pin-tailed Duck. 
Mareca Americana—Widgeon. 
Fuligula marila—Scamp Duck. 
Botaurus minor—Bittern. 
Ceryle alecyon—Kingfisher. 
Sturnella magna—Prairie Lark. 
Xanthocephalus icterocephalus—Y ellow-headed Blackbird. 
The remaining birds appeared rapidly after this time. 
May 8th—Antrostomus vociferus—W hippoorwill. 
May 17th—Trochilus colubris—Ruby-throated Humming Bird. 
May 17th—Ectopistes migratorius—Wild Pigeon. 
651. Observations comparable with those above given for the Red 
River Valley, are on record for three points on the Saskatchewan River, 
approximate to various parts of the ‘ fertile belt.’ 
652. Sir John Richardson compiled the record for Cumberland 
House, from which the following extracts are selected, from his own 
observations, in 1820, and those of Chief Factor Lewis, in 1839-40*. 
Cumberland House is situated in about lat. 54°, long. 102°20’, or west of 
the Northern end of Lake Winnepeg. 
April 7.—Crows (Corvus Amerieanus) seen. Not till April 19th, in 1820. 
“© §.—Snoew-birds (Plectrophanes nivalis) seen. 
9-—A Merganser seen, 1820. 
10.—Willow catkins beginning to burst. 
** 12.—Geese and Swans seen, 1820. In 1840 not seen till 20th. 
** 13.—Buds of Populus balsamifera bursting 1820. 
17.—Plovers, Grackles, and Orioles seen, and on the following day, Cana- 
dian Jays, and Fly-catchers, Frogs croaking. 
20.—Coltsfoot (Nardosmia palmata) flowering. Sap flowing in Ash-leaved 
maple (egundo aceroides.) 
‘* 26.—Alder flowering. 
May 1.—Anemone patens in flower, leaves not yet expanded. 
“¢ 2.—A fall of snow to the depth of two feet. 
** 13,—Planting potatoes. 
** 14.—Sowing barley, 1820. Negundo aceroides, and gooseberry bushes in flower. 
17.— Willows, gooseberries, and Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in leaf, 1820. 
In 1840 the trees only bursting their buds at this time. 
24.—Ulmus Americanus flowered, in 1820. 
25.—Prunus Pennsylvanica, P. Virginiana, and Amelenchier in flower. 
* Journal of a Boat Voyage through Rupert’s Land, Vol. 1, p. 2365. 
