
APPENDIX A. 331 
1. Glyptostrobus Europeus, Brgt. 9. Betula, sp. 
2. Sequoia Langsdorflii, Brgt. 10. Corylus McQuarrii, Fabr. 
3. Pinus, sp. 11. Quercus Olafseni. 
4. Smilax Franklini. 12. Platanus Aceroides, Goept. 
5. Populus Richardsoni. 13. Hedera McClurii. 
6. Populus Arctica. 14. Pterospermites dentatus, 
7. Populus Hookeri. 15. Phyllites aroideus. 
8. Salix Raeana. 16. Antholithes amissus. 
17. Carpolithes seminulum. 
Il.—CONIFEROUS WOODS.—(PLATE XV.) 
Large quantities of silicified fossil wood, derived apparently from the denudation 
of the Tertiary lignite formation, are scattered over the plains, but the trees are 
rarely found in situ in the beds. Slices of a number of the most promising specimens 
have been made, and in addition similar slices from the Saskatchewan and the Mc- 
Kenzie River, in the collections of the Geological Survey. The greater number are 
Coniferous, and some of them, no doubt, the wood of the same species whose leaves 
and cones are found in the beds, though it is not possible with certainty to identify 
these, and it does not seem necessary to give specific names to fragments which will 
possibly some day be referred to their proper species. They indicate a large number 
of Coniferous trees belonging to different generic types, and may be arranged as fol- 
lows, in the conventional genera at present recognized by paleobotanists. 
CrproxyLon.—A wood of this type is very common, and may very possibly have 
belonged to Thuja interrupta, as it is very closely allied to that of the northern 7. 
occidentalis, (Fig. 1.) There is also a seeond species of this genus, with shorter 
medullary rays, having much resin, and wood-cells with one row of pores rarely seen. 
Piroxyton.—Wood of this type, similar to the modern Pinus, is rare; but one 
well characterized species occurs, (Fig. 2.) It may have belonged to a Scrub Pine, 
similar to the northern P. Banksiana, and Heer figures a leaf of this type from Mac- 
kenzie River. 
CupressoxyLon.—The greater part of the wood presents this type, and may belong 
to trees of different genera. The following kinds are well characterized :— 
Species (a.)—With two rows of discs on the wide wood cells, and long resin- 
cells. It is closely allied to the wood of Sequoia sempervirens, and may belong to 
one of the Sequoias found in the beds, (Fig. 3.) It has medullary rays with many 
rows of cells superimposed and some composite resiniferous rays ? 
Species (4.)—With one row of discs on the wide wood cells, and wide resin-cells. 
Resembles the wood of Sequoia gigantea, and probably belongs to that genus. 
Species (¢.)\—With one row of discs on the cells and numerous medullary rays 
which are very short, having usually only two rows of cells superimposed. Ap- 
proaches in its characters to the wood of Zaxodium and Cryptomeria ; but may probably 
have belonged to Glyptostrobus, (Fig 4.) 
Species (d.)—Narrow wood-cells with one row of discs and many resin cells. 
Medullary rays of several rows of cells superimposed. 
Species (¢.\—Wood cells with one row of discs and very long and numerous 
rays, (Fig. 5.) 
Species (f.)—Wood cells very wide, with several rows of scattered discs. This 
wood is not well preserved, but is, apparently near to C. polyommatum of Cramer 
from Banks’ Land. 
TaxoxyLon.—A wood not well preserved, but with spirally lined wood-cells of the 
type of those in the modern Taxus, and discs with a slit instead of a round pore. 
There are probably other species, with the wood less distinctly characterized or 
preserved ; and the lignites when treated with caustic potash, show abundant coni- 
ferous tissues of the types of Thuja and Sequoia, which thus seem to have largely 
contributed to their mass. . 
IIIl.—ANGIOSPERMOUS WOODS. 
* 
Of these the specimens sliced which were sufficiently preserved for determin- 
ation, are referable to the genus Populus, which genus is also largely represented 
among the fossil leaves. 
