WILD FLOWERS OF CALIFORNIA 



61 



680. Wild Parsnip 



Pastinaca sativa 



681. Shepherd's Xeedle Scandix pecten-veneris 



6S2. 



683. Bull-wort 



684. Hedge Parsley 



685. Knotted Hedge 

 Parslev 



Coleopleurum maritii 



Am mi ma jus 



Caucalis microcarpa 



Caucalis nodosa 



Escaped and often a com- 

 mon weed near towns. 

 Tall. Yellow flowers 

 fruit large, smooth, much 

 flattened and winged. 



Named from the fruit 

 which is long and tapers 

 to a point like a packing 

 needle. Clusters of tiny 

 white flowers and finely 

 divided hright green 

 leaves. Introduced weed, 

 common in Bay region. 



Very large plant. Rare. 

 Northwest coast, Califor- 

 nia. Probably poisonous. 



Weed, from Europe. Low 

 places in grain fields and 

 brackish meadows. 



Widely distributed, but not 

 common. Coast Ranges 

 and Sierras. 



Weed from Europe. White 

 or reddish flowers in 

 small round clusters. 

 Shady places, Coast 

 Ranges. Fruit ovoid or 

 oblong, flattened, ribs 

 covered with barbed and 

 hooked bristles of vari- 

 ous lengths. 



GINSENG FAMILY 



ARALIACEAE 



The best known member of this family is the English Ivy occurring in many 

 varieties in cultivation and becoming semi-wild around the Bay, climbing high up 

 into the trees. 



The next most important members are the Ginsengs or Spikenards. These 

 resemble the Umbellifers, but have solid stems and berries. Our species is closely 

 related to the cultivated Ginseng, Panax quinque 'folium which is a difficult plant to 

 grow, but exceedingly profitable. The root stocks are used extensively by the 

 Chinese. 



686. Spikenard or Gin- Aralia Californica Shaded canyons in rich 



seng soil, Coast Ranges and 



Sierras. Tuberous roots, 

 whitish flowers, berries 

 red, later black. 



DOGWOOD FAMILY 



CORNACEAE 



Frequent inhabitants of our moist canyons. Some of them very striking in 

 winter, due to the coloring of the stems. Many are cultivated for ornament. The 

 bark is bitter and has been used as a substitute for cinchona. 



687. Bunch Berry 



688. Nuttall's Dogwood 



Cornus canadensis 

 Cornus Nuttallii 



Flowers greenish, in a close 

 head, surrounded by 4 to 

 6 white petal-like bracts, 

 fruit red. Coast Ranges. 



