GY MNOS PERMs. 
CONIFER. 
(PINE FaMILy.) 
Pinus rigida, Miller. (Pircu PINez.) 
A common tree. 
Pinus resinosa, Ait. (RED, oR Norway PINE.) 
A grove in Boxford; a few trees in Georgetown (Mrs. Horner) ; 
West Newbury (Wm. Merrill); one tree in Andover (Prof. Gold- 
smith); two trees in Peabody (Mr. Brown). Our rarest conifer. 
«Pinus Strobus, Z. (WHITE PINE.) 
The forest tree of Essex county at the present time. 
Pinus Larico, Z., var. Austriaca, Engl. (AUSTRIAN PINE), and 
its cogener and frequent companion, 
Pinus sylvestris, Z. (Scotcu Prine), have long been introduced 
from Europe, and are much planted as ornamental trees. The latter 
has spread by seeds to a small extent in Danvers. 
Picea nigra, Link., Abies nigra, Poir. (Gray’s Manual). (BLAack 
SPRUCE.) . 
Frequent in the Essex, Chebacco, and Middleton woods, and Pine 
Swamp, at Ipswich; also in a few other places. Rare in most 
towns. The Picea alba (White Spruce) and Abies balsamea (Bal- 
sam Fir) are only found in cultivation. 
Tsuga Canadensis, Cariere, Abies Canadensis, Michx. (Gray’s 
Manual). (HEMLOCK SPRUCE.) 
Frequent in almost every town. 
Larix Americana, Michx. (LarcH; TAMARACK.) 
Wenham, Boxford, Ipswich, Lynn (Tracy). Becoming scarce. The 
European larch flourishes better in cultivation (as does the Norway 
spruce) than the corresponding American species. 
Chamecyparis spheeroidea, Spach, Cupressus thyoides, L. 
(Gray’s Manual.) (WHITE CEDAR.) 
Essex county has been considered to be about the northern limit of 
this species in this region, but the writer feels quite sure that it 
probably extends to Portsmouth, N. H., as a swamp near Greenland, 
near Portsmouth, on the line of the E. R. R., apparently contains 
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