138 REPORT OF THE 



acterized, from bottom to top, by evidences of the proximity 

 and abundance of terrestrial vegetation. These contrasts hold 

 throughout the country, and in all countries. Whatever marine 

 remains are found in the coal measures, belong to species dis- 

 tinct from those in the Carboniferous Limestone; and if the 

 generic distinctions are not complete, the organic facies of one 

 is vegetable and terrestrial; that of the other, animal and 

 marine. Downward the types of the lower Carboniferous rocks 

 lescend into the upper Devonian — some carboniferous species, 

 and numerous carboniferous types, even reaching the Hamilton 

 group. Observations in Michigan suggest rather to draw the 

 broad systematic lines below the Hamilton group, and between 

 the Carboniferous Limestone and the Coal Measures. 



SYOPTICAL VIEW OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE LOWER 

 PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN. 



V. QUATERNARY SYSTEM. 



(c) Soil — Peat, Marl, Calcareous Tufa, Bog Iron ore, Ochre 

 Beds. 



(b) Lake and river terraces, and other phenomena of altered 



drift; Lignite beds of lakes Michigan and Superior; 

 Buried tree trunks. 



(a) Boulder Drift; Diluvial striae. 



IV. CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 



16. Woodville Sandstone, 79 feet; Jackson, Woodville, Barry, 

 Shiawassee county; Lyons; Tuscola county, &c. 



15. Coal Measures, 123 ft.; consisting of 



(e) Bituminous shales and claj^s, 40 ft. 



(d) Black band, passing into black limestone, 2 ft. 



(c) Bituminous and Cannel coal in one or more seams, with 



aggregate thickness of 3 to 11 ft. 



(b) Fire- clay and Sandstone, 23 It. 



(a) Shale, Clay, Sandstone and thin seams of coal, 50 ft. 



14. Parma Sandstone, 105 ft.; Jackson county and salt borings 

 at Saginaw. 



13. Carboniferous Limestone, 6G feet: 



(c) Upper, 10 ft.; Grand Rapids, Bellevue, Parma, Spring 



Arbor, Wild Fowl Bay, Charity Islands, Pt. au Gres. 



(b) Middle, or Red Layer, 5 feet; Grand Rapids, Bellevue, 



Sandstone, Spring Arbor. 



