296 REPORT OF THE 



CONIFERS. 



GrayorNorthcm pi nus Banksiana, Lambert. 



Scrub Pine. ' 



Sand Pt. Saginaw Bay, and northward along the shore of L. Huron, 

 not common. 



RedPine. Pinus resinosa, Ait. 



Pt. au Chapeau, Sag. B.. northward along the shore of L. Huron, Drum- 

 mond's I., and the shore of L. Mich., both on the Upper and Lower 

 Peninsula, common. This is improperly calle i •• Norway Pine" by 

 the lumbermen. 



N 



pitch Pine. pi nus rigida, Miller. 



S. Mich. (Wright). 



White Pine. Pinus Strobus, L. 



Abundant in the valley of the Saginaw R. and its branches; shore of 

 L. Huron; Druniinond's I. : Sugar I., huge solitary specimens of the 

 species were seen overtopping the surrounding forest, generally 

 large but not.abundant; Shore of L. Mich, to Traverse City; Otta- 

 wa Co., &c. 



Of the Pines, the last is most valuable and most abundant. In 

 the valley of the Saginaw river, within 21 miles of its mouth 

 there are fifty steam saw mills which are employed upon the logs 

 of this species principally, and within the space of three miles 

 there may be seen no less than 21 mills. These logs are " poled*' 

 down the river and its branches from the pine lands through which 

 they flow. Also on the south shore of Saginaw B., and at Pigeon 

 River, Pinnebog, Port Austin and Willow River, Huron Co., the 

 lumber business is extensively carried on. Also nortuward, along 

 the shore of L. Huron, wherever there are facilities for transport- 

 ing the logs by means of the small streams, mills have been erect- 

 ed for the manufacture of lumber. Along the northern shore, the 

 " Norway Pine" becomes frequent. At Elk Rapids and Traverse 

 City, P. resinosa is more extensively sawed, which furnishes less 

 valuable lumber for general purposes, though very suitable for 

 flooring. This is generally found in sandy soil on level tracts form- 

 ing " Pine plains," the trees having tall, straight and naked trunks, 

 and presenting a beautiful orchard-like appearance. The shore of 

 L. Michigan produces the white and red pine in about equal abun- 

 dance, nowhere forming exclusive forests, but rather standing alone 

 or in small clusters in the midst of surrounding Beeches, Maples 

 and Hemlocks. P. Bariksiana is a small irregular tree of little 

 value, preferring the most exposed and barren situations. 



Balsam Fir. Abies balsamea, Marshall. 



Shores and islands of L. Huron, very common; St. Mary's river and 

 shore of L. Mich., everywhere common. This is the prevailing 

 species of the genus; and next to the Arbor Yitse, is the most fre- 

 quent of the family Coniferce A. Canadensis prefers higher land 

 among the beeches," large poplars and birches, more inland; while 

 this occupies the lower, more recent drift, nearer the lake. Often 

 it is seen growing at the base of a ledge of rocks, while at the 

 summit and further inland A. Canadensis grows large and abundant. 



smaii-fruited or Abies Fraseri, Pursh. 



Double Balsam N w (Uaiv Hefb) 



Hemlock Spruce. Abies Canadensis, Michx. 



Shore of L. Huron, but not common, from Huron county northward; 

 Drummond's I.; Emmet and Antrim counties. Nowhere is this 

 species known* to excel the large and majestic growth which it at- 

 tains on the shores of L. Mich., in Antrim county. Indeed, with 

 this exception, it was rarely met with during the entire season. It 

 is found also in Ottawa, Kent and Allegan counties. 



Black, or Double Abies nigra, Poir. 



Spruce. Whitmore Lake, Washtenaw Co. ; The Cove, L. Huron; Drummond's I. ; 



common: Sugar I.; shore of L. Mich., less common. 



