184 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



1. F. radiata, Michz. Loaves oblong, the upper ones clasping and toothed 

 at the base; fruit mostly downy, ovoid, with a furrow between the parallel and 

 contiguous empty cells; flowers white. — Kiver-banks, Florida, and northward. 

 February and March. — Stem C-12' high. 



Order 72. COMPOSITE. (Composite Family.) 



Flowers clustered in a dense head upon a common receptacle, and sur- 

 rounded by an involucre. Calyx united with the ovary ; the limb (pap- 

 pus) either obsolete, or forming a cup-like or toothed border, or divided 

 into chaffy scales or bristles. Corolla superior, flat or funnel-shaped, 5- 

 (rarely 4-) lobed, valvate in the bud. Stamens alternate with the lobes 

 of the corolla, and inserted into its tube : anthers cohering in a cylinder 

 (syngenesious). Style single : stigmas 2. Fruit (achenium) dry and seed- 

 like. Seed solitary, erect, without albumen. Radicle inferior. — Herbs 

 or shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Involucre composed of short or leafy 

 bracts (scales of the involucre), arranged in 1— many series. Receptacle 

 naked, or furnished with scales (chaffy). Heads with the flowers all tubu- 

 lar (discoid), or all strap-shaped, or the marginal ones strap-shaped or 

 ligulate (radiate). 



Artificial Synopsis of the Genera. 



Suborder I. TUBULIFLOR^. Corolla of the perfect flowers 

 tubular, equally 5- (rarely 3 - 4-) lobed. Ray-flowers, when present, 

 ligulate, either pistillate or neutral. 



§ 1. Heads discoid. 

 * Heads with the flowers all perfect. No. 



Pappus none. Leaves resinous-dotted. Flowers yellow. . . . FLAVERIA. 55 



Pappus bristly or hairy. 

 Flowers yellow. 



Receptacle pointed BIGELOVIA. 21 



Receptacle flat Nos. 1 & 33 in SOLI DAGO. 20 



Receptacle convex. RUGELIA. 75 



Flowers white, blue, or purple. 

 Receptacle chaffy. 



Lewes opposite. Flowers white MELAXTIIKRA. 40 



Leaves alternate. Flowers purple CARPHEPHORUS. 8 



Receptacle bristly. 



Leaves spiny CIRSIUM. 78 



Leaves not spiny, cordate. LAPPA. 79 



Receptacle naked. 



Scales of tlie involucre in a single row CACALIA. 73 



Scales of the involucre in 2 or more rows. 



Pappus double, the outer row very short VERNONIA. 1 



Pappus stoglCM 

 Achenta ribbed or striate. 



Pappus plumose. Flowers cream-colored KUIINIA. 10 



I'lip^us scabrous. Leaves cordate BRICKELLIA. 11 



Pappus scabrous. Leaves not cordate LIATRIS. 9 



