

ADJACENT TO HORTICULTURAL HALL. . 
flowers; 5 styles and 5 cells to the black or dark-purple, pulpy, stone-seeded 
fruit; stem and stalks prickly; leaves large, compound, of many leaflets. A 
large, unattractive native shrub, The ginseng of commerce is furnished by 
other species of Ara/ia. 
BERBERIDACE. Barberry Family. 
“ Perfect flowers, with a stamen in front of each of the [separate] petals; 
anthers opening by valves like trap-doors, hinged at the top.’’ Plants have 
acid, bitter, and astringent qualities. Flowers yellow. 
Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh. OrEGoN Grape. Shrub 2 to 6 feet high, 
from West Coast region; leaflets 7, green, shining on upper surface, distinctly 
spiny-toothed ; flowers clustered in the axils of the leaves. Has often been 
confounded with the following: 
* Berberis repens, Lind/ey. MOUNTAIN GRAPE. Shrub less than a foot 
high; leaves of 3 to 7 leaflets, not shining on the upper surface; flowers clus- 
tered on the ends of the stems. Ranges from the Pacific coast eastward to 
the mountains of Colorado, where the fruit, after much fermentation and sugar, 
makes a bad substitute for wine. 
Berberis Canadensis, Pursh. AMERICAN BARBERRY. A small shrub 
from the Southern Alleghanies; leaves wavy margined, teeth slightly bristle- 
pointed ; yellow flowers few, in a cluster; petals notched at the apex; berries 
red, oval. Not much valued for planting. 
Berberis Japonica, De Candolle. JAPAN BARBERRY. Shrub several feet 
high; leaves large, rigid, with 3 or 4 spiny teeth on either side; fruit-clusters 
dark purple, very ornamental. 
Berberis vulgaris. EUROPEAN BARBERRY. Upright foreign shrub, with 
the leaves on the young branches reduced to spines, from the axils of which 
the next season’s clusters of oblong bristle-toothed leaves proceed; flowers 
many, in a drooping cluster; scarlet berries, narrowly oblong. The Park has 
also the varieties asperma and purpurea, the latter having dark-purple leaves. 
The related species 8. Fendleri, Gray, from New Mexico, is somewhat showy, 
and might endure here. . 
Akebia quinata, a recent introduction from Japan, belongs here. 
BETULACE. Birch Family. 
Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves; pistils and stamens in separate scaly 
clusters on the same tree, 2 or 3 flowers under each scale. Wood valuable; 
bark durable, used as a paper, for making canoes, for tiles covering houses, 
for tanning leather; spray used for smoking fish. The peculiar odor of 
“ Russia leather” is derived from the birch oil used in tanning. 
Alnus. ALpER. Differs from the Birch only by minute floral characters. 
It usually has a distinct, 5-parted calyx and 2-celled anthers; scales of the 
fertile flowers at length become hard and woody. ‘Timber is of no great im- 
