i ee en i ee a ee, 
14 TREES AND SHRUBS 

a mere ring at bottom of calyx; leaves alternate; fruit round. Our single 
species is 
Celastrus scandens, Zinneus. Wax-Work, CLIMBING BITTER-SWEET. 
A native climber, with inconspicuous greenish flowers on the ends of the 
branches; open fruit yellow inside, revealing the bright scarlet seed-cover. 
Hence the beauty of the plant in autumn. 
Euonymus. SPINDLE-TREE. — Flowers perfect; disk so large as almost to 
conceal the young 3- to 5-lobed fruit; leaves opposite. 
Euonymus Americanus, Zimn@us. AMERICAN STRAWBERRY-BusH. A 
low native shrub, with thick ovate leaves and a rough 3-lobed fruit, which 
is bright scarlet when matured; flowers greenish purple. 
Euonymus atropurpureus, Yacguin. BURNING BUSH, SPINDLE-TREE. 
Tall native shrub, with oblong leaves and a smooth 4-lobed fruit; flowers dark 
purple. 
Euonymus Europeus, Zizznueus. EUROPEAN SPINDLE-TREE, BURNING 
Busu. A low European shrub, with lance- or oblong-shaped leaves and a 
smooth 4-lobed fruit; the bag enclosing the seed bright orange-yellow. This 
species has developed two varieties, z.e., a/bus and coccineus. 
Euonymus Japonicus, 7hunberg. JAPAN SPINDLE-TREE, CHINESE Box. 
Hardy only south of us. It, too, has produced a number of varieties. 
Euonymus latifolius, C. Bawhin. BRoAD-LEAVED SPINDLE-TREE. 
From Southern Europe. Leaves broadly ovate, and the fruit with acute lobes 
or wings. 
CONIFER. Pine Family. 
Trees or shrubs which often secrete resin; leaves usually stiff, and often 
needle-like ; flowers not conspicuous, having the pistils and stamens separated, 
the former open and often under a more or less hard scale (as in the cones), 
the latter in smaller, softer, often yellowish, scaly clusters. There are about 
200 species over the globe. Wood important as a lumber, and sometimes ag 
a fuel; bark of some (/Vem/ock) useful in tanning, and seeds of some species 
(2.¢., Piston Pine) furnishing food to races of men. 
Abies. Spruces. The latest general revision of the trees and shrubs 
known to botanists as Coniferee is by Parlatore, and appears in the second 
part of vol. xvi. of De Candolle’s Prodromus. In it he divides the entire 
order into two tribes,—z.e., the cone-bearers proper, which he designates Adze- 
tinea, and the Zaxinee, of which (latter) the Yewisatype. Under the gers 
Pinus of Linnzeus he makes the following sections: Pinea, Cembra, Cedrus, 
Larix, Pseudolarix, Picea, Abies, and Tsuga. This would relegate to the old 
genus Pinus most of our American Coniferee. There appears to be so little 
disposition to accept his classification that we have retained such groups as 
Abies (Sprucest) and Picea (Firs) as distinct. The smaller group of 7suga 

1 It is not practicable at present in this Catalogue to name the Spruces Picea, and the Firs 
Abies, as Dr. Engelmann insists should be done, and doubtless as would be done in a strictly 
scientific work. 

