22 TREES AND SHRUBS 

Juniperus communis, Zinneus. COMMON JUNIPER. ( Funiperus minor, 
Fuchs.) Tree seldom exceeding 20 feet high. Common to Northern America 
and the northern parts of Europe and Asia. It is a hardy species, thriving in 
almost any soil. The natural shaggy habit of the plant may be remedied by 
binding and trimming. It has the following varieties: Alpina, Zizneus ; is 
the dwarf, prostrate form which appears in some books under the name of Ca- 
nadian Funiper. Its beautiful foliage makes it very effective as an ornamental 
creeper on rock-works. compressa, Carriere, is a small variety, with a 
compact, pyramidal head. Cracovia, Loddiges ; known as the Cracow Funi- 
per, and is a hardy, straggling bush, which is a native of Poland. Hibernica, 
Loddiges. IRISH JUNIPER; is a stiff, erect, column-like shrub, beautiful in its 
proper place, but decidedly the opposite when not in keeping with its sur- 
roundings. Usually hardy here. Suecica, Loudon. SWEDISH JUNIPER; is 
rather larger than the Junipers hitherto mentioned, and indeed has produced 
fair timber. Outline of the tree is conical, owing to the upward tendency of 
the branches. 
* Juniperus conferta, Parlatore. CROWDED-LEAVED JUNIPER. ( Funi- 
perus littoralis, Maximo.) From Japan, and probably hardy here. Differs 
but slightly from Funiperus rigida ; has, however, the “‘ leaves more crowded, 
grosser, and triangular.” Berries are brown-colored. 
Juniperus Davurica, Pal/as. DAVURIAN JUNIPER. A low, prostrate 
shrub from Siberia, with each sex (on different trees) having peculiar leaves. 
Juniperus densa, Gordon. DENSE or BusHyY INDIAN JUNIPER. ( Fenz- 
perus recurva densa, Hort.; Funiperus recurva, Hort.) Was been regarded 
as a variety of the common Juniper. Hardy shrub, about 6 feet high, with 
yellowish-green foliage and round, small, 3-seeded berries. From India at 
high altitudes, where it is used for incense and for making yeast. 
Juniperus drupacea, Zadi/7, PLUM-FRUITED JUNIPER. (Arceuthos 
drupacea, Antoine; Funtperus latifolia arborea, Tournefort; Funiperus 
major, Bellonius.) This, for a Juniper, is a fair-sized tree, and is perfectly 
hardy. It is considered by Gordon the finest species of the genus. Native 
of Syria. 
Juniperus excelsa, Bieberstein. TALL CRIMEAN JUNIPER. (This species 
has such a host of synonymes that no attempt at enumeration will be made. 
See Gordon’s Pinetum.) From the eastern end of the Mediterranean region, 
where it grows 30 to 4o feet high; here it is hardly more than a shrub, and is 
more than likely to be injured by the winter. Though in the Park, it can 
hardly be considered as an available tree. We have of it the following variety: 
stricta, Rodlisson ; is a tall, slender, or narrowly-conical spire, of a silvery 
glaucous color. Hardy in England; but doubtful here. It also appears in 
collections as Funiperus stricta, Hort. 
* Juniperus flaccida, Schlechtendal. LoosE-GROWING JUNIPER. ( Yuni- 
perus gracilis, Endlicher ; Funiperus fetida flaccida, Spach.) Mountains of 
Mexico, where it becomes 30 feet high. Hoopes advises it here for pot-culture. 
Juniperus hemisphericus, Pres/. GLOBULAR JUNIPER, HEDGEHOG JUNI- 
PER. ( Funiperus communts hemispherica, Parlatore; Funiperus echino- 
formis, Ruiz; Funiperus nana hemispherica, Carriere.) A dwarf, globular 
shrub, only 1 to 2 feet in diameter. The thick branches and spreading, sharp- 
pointed leaves make the name of Hedgehog Funiper very appropriate for this 
species. It is perfectly hardy here, though it comes from the barren and 
parched side of Mount Etna. The variety monstrosa, /Yoofes, originated 

