
42 TREES AND SHRUBS 

concerned is Ostrya Virginica, Wil/denow. A small tree, native of the Park, 
with sharply double-toothed leaves; seed-sac is hairy at the base. Wood 
hard when dry. 
Quercus. OAK. ‘Cupule [acorn-cup] I-flowered, scaly, and entire, nut 
hard’’ and depressed globose, round, or cylindrical. In the following deter- 
mination of the Oaks the best has been done that was possible in want of suffi- 
cient material and in the absence of the authorities for the names.‘ It is 
thought, however, that though but provisionally given the names are in the 
main reliable and represent the latest authoritative views upon the Oaks. 
Quercus alba, Zzzneus. WHITE OAK. Native tree, which matures its 
fruit in a single year (annual-fruited) ; leaves more or less deeply sinuate- 
toothed or lobed; under surface pale or glaucous, upper surface bright green ; 
acorns edible, but astringent (hence not pleasant-tasted). A most hardy tree, 
and a most valuable timber. 
Quercus alnifolia, Pick. Mountains of Cyprus; shrub or small tree; 
leaves I to 1% inches long, % to I inch wide. Evergreen in its native land. 
Is this the Q. al/noides of the Catalogues? 
Quercus aquatica, Walter. WATER OAK. Tree maturing its fruit in two 
years (biennial-fruited) ; leaves thick, smooth, and shining, somewhat undulate 
or lobed at tip. Maryland and southward. Q.laurifolia, AZichaux, is given 
by De Candolle as a variety of this, and by Chapman as a variety of Q. Phel- 
Zos,and in Arboretum Muscaviense as a variety of Q. zmbricaria (see Q. lauri- 
folia of this list). Wood tough, but said by Michaux not to be desirable, and 
the bark is not much used in tanning. 
Quercus bicolor, Wil/idenow. SWAMP WHITE OAK. Annual-fruited; of 
the Chestnut Oak group; leaves obovate or oblong, variously lobed ; soft downy 
along the under surface; upper scaleS of the acorn-cup with long slender tips. 
A tall tree, furnishing good timber. It is the Q. Prinus tomentosa of Michaux 
the elder in his history of the Oaks. Q. A/@ichauxiz, Nuttall, is regarded by 
Engelmann as a sub-species of Q. dicolor. Q. pannosa of the German gardens 
appears also to belong here. 
Quercus castanefolia, C. 4. Meyer. Is a biennial-fruited species from 
the Caucasian region; leaves 3 to 6 inches long and I to 2 inches wide, 
acutely or obtusely sinuate-toothed, with prominent nerves beneath. This 
tree must not be confounded with another (Q. Prinus monticola, Michaux) 
to which the above name has also been given. 
Quercus Catesbei, Michaux. TURKEY OAK, BARREN SCRUB OAK. Is 
a small, biennial-fruited tree, ranging from North Carolina to Florida; leaves 
smooth, thickened, deeply divided, and lobes bristle-pointed. Valuable only 
as a fuel. 
Quercus Cerris, Zizmzus. TURKISH or BURGUNDY OAK. (Quercus 
haliphieos, Lambert; Q. Austriaca, Willdenow.) ‘Tree with biennial fruiting ; 
leaves oblong or obovate, sinuate or lobed. Widely distributed over Southern 
1 It may not be out of place here to state that the mere name ofa plant is incomplete unless 
the authority for the name follows. For example, the same name may have been given to two 
very different plants by different authors. In such a case the addition of the authority to the 
name proper at once removes all doubt. 


