44 TREES AND SHRUBS 

and Q. coccinea. From its range increasing as we know it better, and from 
its being found away from either of its alleged parents, it will likely come to 
he regarded as a distinct species. Specimens of the tree have been obtained 
for the Park collection through the exertions of Hon. Eli K. Price. 
Quercus Ilex, Zinneus. EUROPEAN EVERGREEN or Hotty OAK. Fruit 
annual; young branches and under surface of leaves velvety hairy; leaves 
thick, leathery, elliptical to oblong, margins toothed or entire, smooth on upper 
surface. Ranges throughout the Mediterranean region and to Central Europe. 
Has many: varieties, of which the following are in the Park collection: 
Ballota, 4/ph. De Candolle ; has the base of the leaves round and the under 
surface quite hairy; common in Spain and Algiers, and by many regarded as 
a distinct species. crispa, Zoddiges, is a garden form with curled edges to 
the leaves. There are also less clearly marked varieties, such as /aurzfolia and 
rotundifolia. 
Quercus illicifolia, Wangenheim. BEAR or BLACK SCRUB OAK. Is a 
biennial-fruited branching bush of the Black Oak group; leaves obovate, 
wedge-shaped at base, with 3 to 7 angular lobes, white hairy on the under 
surface. Barren ground from New England to Kentucky. Of no particular 
use. It is the Q. Banisteri, Michaux. 
Quercus imbricaria, Michaux. LAUREL or SHINGLE OAK. Tree 40 to 
50 feet high, biennial-fruited, with narrow-oblong, thick, entire, or wavy 
margined leaves, which are smooth and shining above and downy beneath. 
From this latitude south, but most common west of the Alleghanies. Wood 
not first-class, but may be split into shingles. There is a garden form of this, 
—latifolia. 
Quercus laurifolia, Michaux. LAUREL-LEAVED OAK. A good-sized 
tree, with biennial fruit; leaves entire or lobed, lanceolate, or oblong, and 
widest about the middle. Often regarded as a variety of Q. aguatica, but now 
separated from this by Engelmann. Southern States. 
* Quercus Leana, WVuifall. LrEA’s OAK. Ranges through Southern Ohio 
and Illinois sparsely. Regarded by Drs. Gray and Engelmann as a hybrid 
between Q. imbricaria and Q. coccinea. Others think it will prove a distinct 
species, as it has already been doubtfully recognized by Alph. De Candolle 
(though in his case probably on insufficient grounds). Leaves 3 to 6 inches 
long, 1% to 4 inches wide, margins lobed, when mature smooth on both 
surfaces, lobes bristle-tipped ; fruit like that of the Scarlet Oak. 
Quercus lyrata, Walter. Overcup OAK. Fruit annual; obovate oblong 
leaves, 7- to g-lobed, hairy beneath, crowded on the ends of the branches; 
roundish cup, with rough scales, which almost enclose the large nut. Swamps 
of the Southern States, where it attains a large size and furnishes a most 
valuable timber. 
Quercus macranthera, Fischer. LARGE-FLOWERED OAK. (Q. pubes- 
cens, Szovits.) Annual-fruited; from the mountains of Caucasia and Georgia; 
branchlets densely covered with spreading hairs; leaves obovate, entire mar- 
gined or somewhat deeply lobed, brown hairy on the under surface. 
Quercus macrocarpa, Michaux. Mossy Overcup OAK, Bur OAK. 
Annual-fruited large tree of the White Oak group. Known by its large acorns 
with fringed margin to the cup, which more than half covers the nut, and often 
distinguishable by the corky ridges to the branches; leaves oblong, decidedly 

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