
46 TREES AND SHRUBS 

Quercus pumila, Walter. RUNNING OAK. Shrub from South Carolina, 
which spreads by its stolons and hence forms extensive thickets. The Park 
has the variety sericea? (Q. sericea, Willdenow; Q. Phellos sericea, Aiton), 
which has narrow or ovate-lanceolate leaves, always silky white on under 
surface, 4 inches long, 1% inches wide. 
Quercus Robur, Zinneus. ENGLISH or EUROPEAN OAK. From Europe 
and Western Asia, where it sometimes forms vast forests; fruit matures in a 
single year; leaves vary much in shape, from obovate to elliptical-cordate, 
obtuse or acute at base, margins lobed, lobes obtuse or acute ; hemispherical 
acorn-cups, with hairy, ash-colored scales. The various forms are now divided 
by the best authorities into two sub-species: 
Sub-species pedunculata ; has short petioles to the leaves and long pedun- 
cles to the fruit. It is divided into many varieties, of which the Park has the 
following: Apennina, 4/ph. De Candolle. From the drier regions of Southern 
Europe; young leaves covered on the under surface with dirty-colored whitish 
hairs, but smooth or nearly so on the upper surface. It is Q. pubescens, Lod- 
diges. here is also a variety Afennina under the next sub-species, with which 
the above must not be confounded. fastigiata, Zamdéert; has the flowers 
collected in erect clusters. It comes from Calabria and Southern France. The 
varieties of the gardens Ayramidalis cucullata and pyramidalis punctata belong 
here, foliis variegata, Loddiges; has leaves variegated with white and red. 
Haas, A/ph. De Candolle ; has the branches velvety or smooth; leaves with 
large obtuse lobes, and with short stellate hairs on the under surface, and also 
hairy on the upper surface; acorns large. laciniata, A/ph. De Candolle. 
Leaves elongated, nearly entire or irregularly gash-lobed, lobes acute or obtuse. 
From the English grounds, where it appears also under the names of Q. fiZict- 
folia, Q. Fennessi, and Q. pedunculata heterophylla. purpurascens, A/ph. 
De Candolle ; has purple leaves. Q. purpurea, Loddiges, and var. folits cuprets 
of the gardens, appear to belong here. Thomasii, 4/64. De Candolle ; has 
rather hairy young branches and leaves, and also large fruit. 
Sub-species sessiliflora; has longer petioles to the leaves and shorter 
peduncles, or none, to the fruit. Its varieties are as follows: aurea, AA. 
De Candolle. Branches smooth or nearly so; leaves oblong, deeply cleft or 
undulate-lobed, lobes obtuse, smooth above and slightly hairy beneath. The 
forms aurea maculata, aurea tricolor (aurea bicolor), albo mucronata, folits 
pulverulentis, appear to be mere variegated garden sports of the above. 
bullata, A/ph. De Candolle. From Asia Minor; has branches and leaves 
smooth; leaves deeply lobed; scales of the acorn-cup are somewhat enlarged. 
The same name is also given to a variety of a quite different tree from Gua- 
temala. communis, 4/ph. De Candolle. Branchlets nearly smooth; leaves 
large, sparsely hairy, and not deeply lobed. This form often appears in parks 
under the name of Q. sesstlifiora, Salisbury. A synonyme is Q. /berica, or 
Spanish Oak. It comes from Southern Europe and Western Asia. parvi- 
folia, A/ph. De Candolle. V.eaves 1 to 3 inches long and ¥% to 1% inches 
wide, ovate lobes wavy dentate and somewhat pointed. From France, This 
form is the Q. sessiliflora, Loudon ; and Q. laciniata of some lists comes under 
the same head.! 
Quercus rubra, Zinneus. Red Oak. A biennial-fruited, large tree, 
growing naturally in the Park, It furnishes an open-pored, poor timber, strong, 

1 We cannot at present say whether var. Loveti, Lovet’s Cut-Leaved Oak, belongs to the 
sub-species Jedunculata or sessiliflora, \t has ‘*cut foliage of a rich dark shining green 
color.”’ 


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