56 TREES AND SHRUBS 

HYPERICACE. Saint John’s-Wort Family. 
Plants occasionally woody, with opposite, entire, usually sessile leaves, which 
are dotted with translucent and blackish spots; stamens many, mostly more or 
less plainly united into bundles at the base; many-seeded. Family character- 
ized by active, often acrid, properties. 
Hypericum. The type genus has the same characters as the family. Of 
it we have two species to be noted here: 
Hypericum Kalmianum, Zzznz@us. KALM’s ST. JOHN’s-Worvt. Branch- 
ing shrub; styles 3; stamens very numerous; 4-angled stem with crowded, 
glaucous, oblanceolate leaves. Native, from the Niagara Falls and northern 
Lake region. 
Hypericum prolificum, Zzzz@us. SHRUBBY ST. JOHN’s-WorRT. Low, 
branching shrub, with the branchlets 2-angled; lanceolate oblong leaves nar- 
rowed at the base. Of this the variety densiflorum, Gray, is much more 
branched, crowded with small leaves. Common in the pine barrens of New 
Jersey, and ranges thence southward. 
JUGLANDACEZ. Walnut and Hickory Family. 
A rather small but important group of trees, with alternate, pinnate leaves; 
stamens and pistils separate, but on the same tree, the former in scaly, droop- 
ing, elongated clusters, the latter single or in a small cluster or spike; calyx 
adherent to the several-celled but one-seeded or one-ovuled ovary. The 
group comprises most valuable timber and fuel, and is also accredited with 
some remedial properties. 
Carya. Hickory. Sterile flowers in clustered, hanging catkins, each 
with 3 to 10 short stamens; fertile flowers with no petals; husk of the fruit 
splitting at maturity more or less completely into 4 valves, from which the nut 
falls. 
Carya alba, A’wéta//. SHELLBARK or SHAGBARK Hickory. Bud-scales 
about 10. Tree characterized at once by its long exfoliating strips of bark ; 
leaflets 5, of which the 2 lower are much the smaller; all are taper-pointed ; 
fruit somewhat flattened. This is reckoned the best of all the hickory-nuts. 
The tree as a timber is large and valuable. 
Carya amara, Muttal/l. BITTERNUT, SwAMP Hickory. Bud-scales about 
6; bark of the tree close and smooth; leaflets 7 to 11; fruit roundish, indis- 
tinctly 6-ridged, thin-shelled, and kernel bitter. Timber not the best, though 
still valuable. A common native tree. 
Carya oliveformis, Nuétal/. Pecan Nut. Leaflets 13 to 15, tapering 
to a slender point, somewhat curved, toothed; nut edible, olive- or somewhat 
cylindrical-shaped. Large tree, native to the rich bottom-lands of Illinois and 
southward, 

