
58 TREES AND SHRUBS 

Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Spach. (P.Caucasica, C. A. Meyer.) Leaves with 
12 pairs of leaflets, which are toothed and on the under surface along the pri- 
mary veins slightly hairy. Tree from the Caucasian region. There are 
besides in the Park invoices two other less important names,—z.e., devigata 
and Sinensis. 
LAURACE. Laurel Family. 
This is the true Laurel Family: our Laurel belongs to the Ericacee, or 
Fleath Family, Trees or shrubs abounding in spices and aromatics; leaves 
‘simple, alternate, usually with transparent dots; flowers (calyx only) regular, 
sepals 4 to 6, not united to the ovary, in 2 series; anthers opening by uplifted 
valves; ovary I-celled, with a single hanging ovule, which (ovary) matures 
into a berry or a stone fruit. Cinnamon, Cassia bark, and Camphor are among 
the products of the foreign species of this order. 
Lindera. Shrubs with the male and female flowers usually on different 
individual bushes, appearing before the leaves in close clusters along the 
branches; sterile flowers with 9 stamens, of which the 3 inner ones have the 
filaments lobed and glandular at base; fertile flowers with a globular ovary 
surrounded by rudimentary stamens; calyx bright yellow; fruit red, oblong 
or oval, ; 
Lindera Benzoin, Metsner. Spice-BUSH, BENJAMIN BusH. Is a common 
native shrub, 6 to ro feet high; leaves downy (at first) on lower surface. 
* Lindera melisszfolia, Blume. Shrub 2 to 3 feet high; leaves thick, 
silky on both surfaces. Native from North Carolina southward, 
! 
Persea. Rep Bay. Flowers perfect; stamens 9, with anthers, the 3 outer 
ones turned outwards and the others inwards; 3 glands form a circle inside all 
these; anthers each opening with 4 valves,—z.e., 2 above and 2 below. 
Persea Carolinensis, Mees. CAROLINA RED Bay. Is asmall tree grow- 
ing from Delaware south; leaves oblong; berries blue on a red stalk. 
Sassafras. Male and female flowers almost exclusively on different trees, 
greenish yellow; male with 9 stamens inserted in 3 rows, the innermost set 
with a pair of stalked glands at base of each; anthers 4-celled, and each 
opening by 4 valves; female flowers with 6 rudiments of stamens around the 
ovary; mature fruit blue. 
Sassafras officinale, Vees. SASSAFRAS. Ovate leaves entire or variously 
3-lobed; young branches somewhat warty, green or yellowish green; bark 
aromatic, that of the root especially when growing in rocky places, a popular 
source of a domestic supposed remedial tea. Common in our woods, and a 
native of the Park. 
Tetranthera. Flowers with the pistils and stamens almost entirely on 
different trees; sterile flowers with 9 stamens in 3 rows, fertile ones with 12 
or more rudimentary stamens; mature fruit red. 
Tetranthera geniculata, Mees. Has yellow flowers coming before the 
leaves, which are oblong and hairy on the midrib below; branchlets zigzag. 
From the swamps of Virginia and southward. 

