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72 TREES AND SHRUBS 

ish, greenish, or reddish; leaves smooth or a little oni: ovate, with tapering 
base deeply toothed ahove the middle. This species has a well-marked variety, 
pubescens, Gray, which is known in gardens as C. elliptica, Aiton. 
Crategus glandulosa of the gardens appears to be simply the variety 
prunifolia, Zorrey and Gray, of C. Crus-galli. 
Crategus orientalis, Bosc. EASTERN THORN. Low tree from the East, 
readily known by its hoary-white branches, its 3-lobed leaves, which are downy 
on the under surface, and its large, yellowish-red, edible fruit. 
Crategus oxyacantha, Zimneus. ENGLISH HAWTHORN. Introduced 
for use and ornament from Europe; flowers not large, many in a cluster; fruit 
coral-red; Jeaves broadly wedge-shaped at base, deeply lobed and toothed 
above. It has produced many varieties in color of the flowers, etc., and to it 
some nominal species are reduced. 
Crategus parvifolia, 47/ox. DWARF THORN. Native of “pine barrens 
from New Jerséy south. Shrub 3 to 6 feet high, downy, with thick, firm, spatu- 
late, obovate crenate leaves. These, as well as the mostly solitary flowers, 
almost sessile; the large fruit pear-shaped or globular, greenish and yellowish.” 
Crategus prunifolius, Bosc, of the gardens is now regarded as simply a 
form of C. Crus-galli, which see. 
Crategus Pyracantha, Pevsoon. EVERGREEN THORN. Introduced from 
Europe, but now grows wild near Philadelphia. The evergreen leaves are an 
inch long, broadly lance-shaped, and with small blunt teeth; flowers many ; 
fruit bright red, very small. 
Crategus pyrifolia, Azfon, of the gardens is a form of C. tomentosa, Lin- 
m@us, Which see. 
Crategus tanacetifolius, Persoon. TANSY-LEAVED THORN. From the 
Orient; has hairy, sharply-cleft leaves with lobes few-toothed; fruit globose, 
yellowish green. 
Crategus tomentosa, Zzmneus. BLACK THORN. Tall, common native 
shrub, with many large flowers and large orange or scarlet fruit in a cluster ; 
soft hairy when young; thickish oval leaves sharply and deeply toothed, taper- 
ing below into a margined foot-stalk. Very variable, a fruit of some forms 
quite pleasant-tasted. 
Exochorda. A bush from China, with regular flowers, and § pistils united 
by their inner faces to the central axis, each having 2 suspended ovules on a 
conspicuous cord, which remains after the carpels have fallen. 
Exochorda grandiflora, ——? (Sfirea grandiflora.) Leaves lance- 
shaped and entire; white flowers conspicuous, in clusters on the ends of the 
branches. 
Kerria. JAPAN CorcHorRus. Chinese and Japanese shrub, with light- 
green branches terminated by yellow flowers; fruit dry, seed-like. 
Kerria Japonica, De Candolle. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, irregularly 
toothed. In the natural condition it has 5 petals and numerous stamens; now 
much changed by cultivation. 

