330 



OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 175. 



143 Indian Mustard (A) *£rassica juncea (L.) Cosson. This is a tall, 

 coarse mustard, of pale color with rather large toothed leaves and long pods. 

 Locally introduced especially along railways. Seeds like th se of 142.. 



144 Winter=cress (B) *Barbarea Batbarea (L.) MacM. Winter-cress is a 

 well-known biennial, frequently occurring in mead- 

 ows. It is illustrated in Fig. 26. The dense clusters 

 of dark green, many lobed leaves are very conspicu- 

 ous in early spring; these are followed by the up- 

 right, branching stems, yellow flowers and the seeds. 

 The leaves alone, taken with the general habit of 

 growth, will enable one to distinguish it from the 

 other mustards. I have frequently observed this 

 weed in meadows the first and second years after 

 seeding. The evidence is conclusive that the seed 

 was introduced in the clover or grass seed sown. 

 Apparently the seeds are frequent in grain, since the 

 fertilizer plots at this Station upon which wheat bran 

 had been used, showed a great deal of winter-cress, 

 whiie others sown with the same grain and clo er 

 seed, had none. Winter-cress is grown extensively 

 in Europe as a pot-herb and would be useful for this 

 purpose were such a dietary common among our peo- (After Vasey.) 

 pie. Sheep will feed upon it as freely as upon rape or other crucifers. This 

 has suggested its use as a forage plant, in which its weedy habit mrist be taken 

 into account. It is attacked by a leaf-spot fungus, Ramularia Barbarece Pk. 



Seeds dull grayish brown, oval in outline, 1-20 inch long, somewhat pitted. 

 Distributed in clover and grass seeds. It may be destroyed by uprooting or deep 

 hoe-cutting before the flowers are opened. If cut later than this, burning is 

 needful, since the juices in the plant will mature the seeds. 



145 Wild Radish (A or B)*Rapkanus Raphanistrum L. The pods of wild 

 radish are yet more jointed than those of charlock, the leaves are rough, petals 

 yellow, veinj r , turning whitish or purplish. It is a vile weed, found in a few 

 counties of the state. It should be destroyed wherever it appears. 



146 Marsh=cress(A) Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. Marsh-cress has its leaves 

 much parted, small, yellow flowers and small pods, 1-16 of an inch long, tipped 

 with a short style. It is very common in wet places or in shallow water. It is 

 reported as very troublesome in oats in Defiance and Henry counties; perhaps 

 the abundant rain-fall made it prominent during 1896 and 1897. If persistent 

 it should receive the same treatment as charlock and black mustard. Seeds 

 very small, with markings similar to those of false flax. 



147 Horse=radish (P) *Rotipa Armoracia (L.) Hitch. Horse-radish re- 

 quires no description and those who have had any experience in destroying it 

 find it to be a great pest. Any small piece of root may produce a new plant. 

 It is apparently not spread except by gradual extension from small plantings. 

 As with any other weed propagated underground, tracts infested with horse- 

 radish should be separately cultivated. It can be destroyed only by killing 

 every green shoot as it appears above the ground; this may be done by cultiva- 

 tion in a hoed crop or without a crop. It is ptrhaps easier to kill it out without 

 plowing by a free use of hoe and salt; two or three years will be required for 

 this work. 



