342 



OHIO EXPERIMENT STATION: BULLETIN 175. 



Seeds brown, rather small, 1-32 inch long-, angular, shown x6, Fig-. 37£. 

 Distributed in grass seeds. The evening primrose is often a very troublesome 

 pest. It is killed by early pulling, low cutting or by cultivation, but will stool 

 if mown. It should not be permitted to occupy fields, from all of which it can 

 be obliterated by reasonable care. Any biennial with this character of seed 

 can be subdued. 



213 Gaura (B) Gaura biennis L. This plant has pointed, willow-like 

 leaves, and whitish flowers, turning- to pink or red. The root is deep, like that 

 of evening- primrose, which the plant resembles in its weedy characters. The 

 seed or fruit is 1-2 inch long and 4 ribbed. 



PARSLEY FAMILY, UMBELLIFERiE . 



214 Wild Carrot (B) *Daucus Carota L. Wild carrot, Fig. 38, sometimes 

 called bird's nest, is a vile pest. It grows from 2 to 4 feet high and has a 

 bristly stem and much divided leaves, like the cultivated parsley. The flowers 



are in broad, showy umbels, which turn inward from 

 the outside, forming" a neat bird-nest cavity. A bad 

 weed of the field and roadside. Wild carrot is in- 

 fested by the leaf-spot fungus, Cercospota apii, which 

 also attacks celery. 



Seeds brown, 1-8 inch long, oval in outline, with 

 many white prickles in lines along the seed, shown 

 in Fig. 38, 3. Often distributed in clover seeds and 

 among- grasses. Wild carrot is one of the vile weeds 

 ^&f)§)Jf\\ / whose destruction should be required. The plants 



should be cut with the hoe or spud before blossoming 

 or pulled up following rains; if mown, they stool 

 again and produce seed later. When a clover field 

 is discovered to be infested with wild carrot it is 

 better to plow again and cultivate in corn than to 

 permit the weed to gain a foot-hold upon the farm. 

 So conspicuous a weed can readily be rooted out. 



215 Angelica {^Angelica atroputpurea L. An- 

 gelica is a tall, stout plant with thick, purple stems 

 and spherical flower-clusters (umbels) 3 to 4 inches in diameter, at least so in 

 fruit. Leaves much divided into leaflets one to one and one-half inches broad. 

 Common in river bottoms. This may be killed out by grubbing the deep root. 



216 Cow=parsnip (P) Heracleum latiafumMichx. Cow-parsnip is frequent 

 in low borders, meadows and pastures. It is distinguished by its very large 

 toothed leaflets, downy beneath, and the inflated petioles, as well as by the 

 deep, thick root. Not intrusive but persistent when established. May be re- 

 moved by grubbing. 



217 Wild Parsnip (P) *Pastinaca sativa L. Wild parsnip is a familar 

 weed too often neglected. It has commonly a thick, grooved stem, rather long 

 leaflets, a wide spreading umbel of yellow flowers and a deep root like the 

 cultivated parsnip. The root is poisonous even after cooking. Persons who 

 have eaten it were seriously attacked. Wild parsnip harbors the fungus, 

 Cercospora apii, which so seriously injures celery. The weed is found more 

 frequently in moist ground but flourishes nearly everywhere. 



Seed whitish, thin, 1-4 inch long, 3-16 wide; carried to some extent by the 

 wind. The parsnip, like the carrot, may be killed out through deep cutting 

 before the plants bloom. This may be done either in late fall or early spring. 

 About celery gardens the presence of the fungous parasite on wild parsnip and 

 wild carrot should lead to their complete destruction. 



Fig. 38. Wild Carrot. 

 [After Vasey.) 



