A SECOND OHIO WEED MANUAL. 



343 



218 MeadOw=parsnip | Pi Thaspium spp. The meadow parsnips are sim- 

 ilar in appearance to wild parsnip though much smaller and with stems much 

 less or not at all grooved. They sometimes infest fence-rows and cultivated 

 ground along ditches. Destroyed by frequent cutting with hoe and by cultivation. 



219 Caraway (B) *Carum Carui L. It resembles wild carrot yet may be 

 distinguished from it by the difference in the flower clusters; those of carawa\ 

 not forming the peculiar bird's nest of wild carrot. The roots are thick and 

 fleshv. This plant has escaped about Vermillion, Erie county, where it is 

 proving as troublesome as wild carrot. It is also reported from several other 

 places. It should be treated with the same vigor as that accorded to wild carrot. 



220 Poison=hemlock (B) *Conium maculatum L. Poison-hemlock is a large, 

 much branced, European weed, growing in waste places. It has spotted stems, 

 large, compound leaves and white flowers. This is a dangerously poisonous 

 plant named after the Hemlock by which, as Dr. Gray observes, "criminals and 

 philosophers were put to death at Athens." It should be eradicated by digging 

 it out each spring. 



221 Water=hemlock, Spotted Cowbane, Beaver=poison (P) *Cicuta macu- 

 lata L. Tbis is a stout weed, 2 to 6 feet high, having its stems streaked with 

 purple and compound leaves with leaflets, 1 to 5 -*&*»f* **% $$>* «$f* 

 inches long, as shown in the illustration, Fig. $§& £^&i>>%t?. A *W *M„ /&? 

 39. It commonly grows in marshy places and, 

 as its name indicates, is a very poisonous plant 

 which should be removed from all farm lands. ^xCfe£' : 

 The danger in cases of this sort is too imminent 

 to permit of neglect. 



DOGWOOD FAMILY, CORNACE^E. 

 222 Panicled Cornel (P) Cornus candidis- 

 sinta Marsh. This is a small dogwood, a shrub 

 4 to 8 feet high, with many smooth gray branch- 

 es, characteristic, egg-shaped, pointed leaves, 

 whitish beneath and white berries. It often 

 infests low, somewhat marshy land, where it 

 is killed out by draining and cultivating. 



Water-hemlock. 

 [After Vasey.) 



HEATH FAMILY, ERICACEAE. 



223 Laurel, Sheepkill (P) Kalmia latifolia L. Laurel or calico-bush is a 

 tall shrub, growing on sandy points or hillsides in eastern and southeastern 

 Ohio. It has rather broad, bright green leaves, remaining on the bushes over 

 winter. The flowers are in large, showy clusters, rose colored to white with 

 dark spots. This is found only in the uncleared land but its leaves are very 

 poisonous to sheep that may eat of it freely in winter or early spring. It should 

 be grubbed out upon every farm. It will pay to grub it out of the woodlots and 

 save the many sheep that are likely to be lost. 



PRIMROSE FAMILY, PRLMTTLACE^E. 



224 Moneywort (P) *Lysimachia Nummularia L. Moneywort is another 

 of the pretty flowers that are only pretty to look upon. It has smooth, creeping 

 stems with small, roundish, yellowish-green leaves and showy, bright yellow 

 flowers. It is often found in lawns and by roadsides, forming dense patches 

 and crowding out everything else. Once started it can scarcely be controlled 

 without cultivating the infested lands for some time. It should never be planted 

 on account oi its aggressive habits and is unfit to remain in public cemeteries, 

 where it is often found. Besides thorough cultivation, the use of hoe and salt 

 will be found efficient to destroy it. 



