A SECOND OHIO WEED MANUAL. 



349 



242 Onion Dodder, Wild Dodder (A) Cuscuta Gronovii Willd. This is 

 a wild species often seen growing- over weeds and bushes along streams. It 

 attacks onions and other plants in cultivation about its native haunts. Clearly 

 the way to control this dodder is to destroy all of it upon its wild hosts by a free 

 use of scythe and torch. 



WATERLEAF FAMILY, HYDROPHYLLACE/E. 



243 Phacelia, Miami Mist (B) Phacclia Purshii Buckl. Miami mist is a 

 pretty, blue-flowered weed growing, as if annual, upon dry or gravelly soils. 

 It has hairy, branched stems about afoot high, with 2 to 9 lobed leaves and light 

 blue flowers having fringed petals; it is quite a serious garden pest in the situa- 

 tions named. 



Seeds rusty brown, the shape of a quarter sphere, 1-8 to 1-16 inch long, 

 surface minute^ pitted all over as if rust eaten. Cultivation and seed destruc- 

 tion are essential in dealing with this weed. 



BORAGE FAMILY, BORAGINACE^E. 



244 Indian Heliotrope (A) *Heliotropium Indicum L. This plant has 

 hairy stems, and quite large, wavy margined leaves on long hairy footstalks. 

 The flowers and nutlet fruits are borne in slender, partly coiled spikes, suggest- 

 ing the staminate spikes of ragweed in appearance. Locally introduced in 

 waste places, and destroyed as other annuals. Seeds in ribbed nutlets. 



245 Hound's=tongue, Dog=bur (B) *Cynoglossnm officinale L. Hound's- 

 tongue is an offensive smelling, leafy, field and wayside weed with mullen-like, 

 though smoother leaves and small red-purple, partly concealed flowers at the 



ummit. The flowers are succeeded by rather broad, rounded burs which ad- 

 here to clothing and to animals. It is a common weed in waste places. Burs 

 about 1-4 inch long, nearly as wide, with one flat side and very numerous short 

 spines. Destroyed like other biennials, by deep cutting in fall or early spring. 



246 Beggar's=lice (A) *Lappula Lappula (L. ) Karst. A grayish weed with 

 small, blue flowers, narrow, hairy leaves and bur-like fruit. This is found in 



some sections quite abundantly. To be treated as the 

 preceding. Another plant, also called beggar's-lice, 

 Lappula Virginiana (L.) Greene, is found in thickets 

 and upon the borders of woods. This is a biennial 

 with similar flowers and other like characters. 



247 Wheat=thief, Pigeonweed, Redroot, Corn- 

 gromwell (A) *Lithospcrmum arvcnsc L. Wheat- 

 thief also called stoneseed and pigeonweed is a troub- 

 lesome winter annual especially in the northern and 

 northwestern part of Ohio. The cut, Fig. 46, will 

 give some idea of the appearance of the plant and its 

 manner of flowering. It is from 6 to 12 inches high, 

 leaves narrow, without veins, the whole hairy, rough 

 and grayish. The flowers are small, white to cream 

 color, seated in a leafy cluster, opening in March or 

 April, and soon followed by the seeds, which often 

 drop off below while the plant is blossoming above. An 

 exasperating pest, especially in wheat fields where 

 little opportunity is afforded to iVs/roy it without 

 destroying the crop. 



Seeds hard and stony, gray to dull brown, 1-10 

 inch long, roughened, conical, with narrow base; 

 Fig. 46. Wheat-thief. shown Fig. 46 a and b, the latter x 6. Frequent in 



wheat, in clover seed and in hay. These seeds no doubt retain their vitality 



